Demographic Factors Research Free Essays

string(78) administrators are prepared through a thorough Management Development Program. Running head: DEMOGRAPHIC FACTORS RESEARCH Demographic Factors Research University of Phoenix MMPBL 560 Managing in a Cross-Cultural Environment October 19, 2009 Organizations around the globe are encountering the impacts of social and worldwide assorted variety. Kellogg, Starbucks, McDonald’s, and Arbor are four organizations presented in this paper. They have been explored so as to distinguish how each organization is influenced by segment factors, how these variables are overseen, and what frameworks are actualized to upgrade the accomplishment of the business; consequently, this paper outlines the key course ideas and their application to the prescribed procedures of these organizations. We will compose a custom article test on Segment Factors Research or on the other hand any comparative subject just for you Request Now The elements and measurements of decent variety in an undeniably worldwide business condition can challenge the segment components of most associations. Fundamentally, Kottak and Kozaitis (2003) pronounce, â€Å"In the 21st century, the mind larger part of the world’s populace, alongside a huge level of the populaces of the United States and Canada, will be relatives of the non-Western groups† (Ch. 1, p. 29). As it were, associations should figure out how to deal with the complexities of a different workforce. Among these complexities, associations will experience segment factors, for example, age, race, training level, religion, ideological group inclination, sexual direction, and sex (Kottak Kozaitis, 2003). On account of these different variables, associations should be set up to perceive the individuals’ conduct that is impacted by culture, qualities, and convictions. To delineate, culture alludes to people’s character in their conventions, customs, and lifestyle (Kottak Kozaitis, 2003). Truth be told, Kottak and Kozaitis (2003) pronounce that culture is widely inclusive. Fundamentally, it is significant for associations to realize that people are impacted by mainstream society too. Consequently, people in an assorted working environment need to comprehend and regard each other’s contrasts. It isn't sufficient to realize that the work environment is made out of individuals with various perspectives throughout everyday life, qualities, and mentalities. Kottak and Kozaitis (2003) express that â€Å"Ethnic assorted variety might be related with positive gathering collaboration and concurrence or with conflict† (Ch. 5, p. 12). Realizing that assorted variety can be advantageous to the association will assist the executives with incorporating proper worth frameworks inside the organization. In any case, in the occasion that contention exists because of assorted variety, the board would need to think about elective accepted procedures to address the hierarchical clash. Given the complexities of an assorted workforce, associations need to inspect continually elective answers for assist them with dealing with the segment factors inside the organization. Kottak and Kozaitis (2003) pronounce that â€Å"Failure to accomplish a precise record and valuation for a race-based gathering of individuals results in racism† (Ch. 6, p. 3). Positively, associations need to moderate any potential and unfortunate results that can adversely influence the notoriety and productivity of the business. To put it in an unexpected way, â€Å"The incredible sociopolitical conundrum of the contemporary world is that both mix and crumbling are increasing† (Kottak Kozaitis, 2003, Ch. 3, p. 5). Moreover, globalization is adding to the workforce assorted variety around the globe, and associations are consistently being tested to learn better approaches to deal with these changes. Associations are tested with interior changes as well as with outside powers, for example, monetary and political components. The significance of understanding the nearness and impact of decent variety that influence the contemporary American culture can demonstrate hugely useful for any association. As a result, associations need to figure out how to successfully deal with the impacts of segment factors including their arranging and dynamic in persuading and remunerating people (Kottak Kozaitis, 2003). Consider for example, Kellogg began its business over 100 years prior and has immediately ventured into new geologies, prompting a stead quick development plan that gave them a worldwide business, which despite everything remains steadfast today. While staying an unrivaled worldwide food organization, Kellogg’s the board understood that they needed to have the most grounded potential assets to help their business development in a various and serious condition (Kellogg, 2009). Moreover, Starbucks is dealing with its opposition challenges; the current financial conditions are factors that Starbucks needs to consider so as to showcase the new items to protect its demographic and get new clients. Consequently, Starbucks is savvy to utilize the four P’s model; Price, Product, Place, and Promotion, to decide the strategy most appropriate to remain in front of the opposition. All things considered, both Kellogg and Starbucks are dealing with the impacts of postmodernity; that is, â€Å"postmodertnity portrays our time and situationâ€today’s world in motion, with individuals moving who have figured out how to deal with different characters relying upon place and context† (Kottak Kozaitis, 2003, Ch. p. 29). To deal with the impact of postmodernity inside the setting of segment variables, Kellogg and Starbucks are actualizing key ways to deal with help them in their prosperity including worldwide and social decent variety. For instance, Kellogg subscribed to building up a far reaching and pivotal provider decent variety program. This program was to develop vital obtainment associations with W/MBE-claimed, controlled and worked organizations while providing items and administrations Kellogg bought; this would permit them to encourage the development of their business while promoting the drawn out development of (Kellogg, 2009). Likewise, Starbucks extended the menu to incorporate items to target non-espresso consumers, with the presentation of mixed or frosted cold espresso drinks, frappuccino’s, lattes, mocha’s, and teas. Starbucks inventively incorporated an assorted menu comprising of intense smells to smooth sweet flavors, pulling in a scope of clients to Starbucks at different occasions and for different reasons. Starbucks’ aim to fulfill the segment factors has incited the board to include things the menu for anybody ready to attempt; among them, Professionals going to an early daytime meeting requiring a â€Å"stout† mug of espresso, housewives halting for a late morning latte with companions subsequent to dropping the youngsters at school and the secondary school and undergrads looking for Wi-Fi association and tidbit (Kembell, 2002). Another organization that has kept on taking a stab at social versatility in an assorted worldwide condition is McDonald’s. This organization is an association that can be found in each nation, overhauling almost 47 million clients around the globe. In light of McDonald’s exceptional segment factors, supervisors are prepared through an extensive Management Development Program. You read Segment Factors Research in classification Free Research Paper Samples This program envelops McDonald’s fundamental beliefs and standards alongside the commitment to serve clients, the network, and workers (McDonald’s, 2009). One of the segment factors influencing McDonald’s the executives arranging includes the maturing populace in Australia. At the end of the day, McDonald’s the board is tested with changing its promoting approach so as to arrive at the recently recognized gatherings (Monash University, 2009). Like Kellogg and Starbucks, McDonald’s the executives is looking for viable frameworks to help the organization in tending to the expanding changes in socioeconomics. Luckily, McDonald’s keeps on discovering quality on its plans of action in which McDonald’s the board is â€Å"committed to surpassing [†¦] customers’ desires in each eatery each time† (McDonald’s, 2009). As needs be, McDonald’s the executives perceives that the company’s fundamental beliefs go past socioeconomics, consequently, McDonald’s theory announces, â€Å"We will take advantage of each chance to enhance and stand out in the interest of our customers† (McDonald’s, 2009). Adequately, the accepted procedures of McDonald’s, Starbucks and Kellogg show the devotion and responsibility to learn and receive fruitful frameworks that will assist them with serving clients paying little mind to segment factors. Certainly, these associations need to likewise incorporate prizes and inspiration frameworks to assist them with supporting an assorted workforce anyplace on the planet. For instance, Arbor Education and Training is a main supplier of workforce improvement administrations to work searchers, laborers, managers, and networks across the country (Arbor E T, 2009). Arbor workers originate from various different backgrounds, representatives everything being equal, religions, and different elements; these workers are dealt with similarly inside the association in choices concerning prizes and execution. Kottak and Kozaitis (2003) express that â€Å"Cultural assorted variety alludes to variety in organizations, conventions, language, customs, ceremonies, convictions, and values† (Ch. 4, p. 6). In outline, associations are required to ceaselessly examine their business condition so as to recognize the difficulties that accompany a different workforce. By and large, Kellogg, Starbucks, McDonald’s, and Arbor are tested with social decent variety, yet each organization is finding the best approach to incorporate effective prescribed procedures in the working environment. As noticed, the elements of decent variety according to every segment factor assume a urgent job in how Kel

Abortion Prolife View (2191 words) Essay Example For Students

Premature birth Prolife View (2191 words) Essay Premature birth Prolife ViewAbortion, the end of pregnancy before the baby is equipped for autonomous life, can either be unconstrained or instigated. It is known as the knowing demolition of the life of an unborn youngster. (Mass General Laws Chapter 112 Section 12K) When fetus removal happens unexpectedly, it is known as an unnatural birth cycle. In any case, when the passing of an embryo is caused deliberately, it is viewed as an ethical issue. Premature birth wrecks the lives of powerless, guiltless youngsters and is illicit in numerous nations. A gauge of 1.2 million are played out every year. Everything considered, a gauge 38,010,378 guiltless kids were prematurely ended since 1973 when the procedure was authorized. Fetus removal is a straightforward and safe methodology on the off chance that it is finished via prepared clinical laborers during the primary trimester. There are four distinct procedures used during the initial twelve weeks of pregnancy. Attractions yearning, oth erwise called vacuum curettage, is the most well-known careful methods for fetus removal. This is the point at which an amazing pull tube with a sharp bleeding edge is embedded into the belly through the enlarged cervix. The attractions eviscerates the body of the creating infant, tearing the placenta from the mass of the uterus, and sucking blood, amniotic liquids, placental tissue, and fetal parts into a jug. In spite of the fact that it is one of the more secure techniques, there are as yet visit entanglements, for example, disease and tearing of the uterus, causing discharging. Dilatation and Curettage (DC) is another careful procedure including the addition of a circle formed steel blade to cut the babys body into pieces. The placenta is then scratched off the uterine divider. There is a higher danger of contamination with D;C and more prominent blood misfortune than with Suction yearning. RU 486 and Methotrexate are two comparative kinds of compound fetus removal. RU 486 is a pill that can be taken orally just during the five to multi week time frame. Three outings must be made to the fetus removal facility. In the principal, the RU 486 pill is directed after a physical assessment. During the second, 36 48 hours after the fact, the lady is given a portion of counterfeit prostaglandins starting uterine constrictions. This makes the early stage child be removed from the uterus. The third visit, around fourteen days after the fact, can decide if the fetus removal has been finished or if further medical procedure is important. Methotrexate is managed by intramuscular infusion. It assaults developing cells of the trophoblast, which works as the existence emotionally supportive network for the infant. This infusion causes the quick breaking down of shielding condition in which the incipient organism lives. Without food or liquids, the living, vulnerable hatchling kicks the bucket. This perilous strategy is seldom utilized in light of its eccentric side effects . The subsequent trimester incorporates the thirteenth to twenty-eighth week. Dilatation and Evacuation (D;E), like D;C, utilizes forceps with sharp metal jaws to get a handle on the pieces of the child and tear them away from the body. The babys skull is regularly solidified to bone and should once in a while be squashed or packed. The main side influence is abundant dying, and outlandish cervical cut. The remainder of the methods should be possible during either the second or third trimester (the twenty-ninth to fortieth week). The primary strategy is Salt Poisoning, also called saline amniocentesis. A needle is embedded into the mid-region of the mother. Her amniotic liquid is supplanted with an answer of concentrated salt. After gulping the salt, the child is quickly harmed. This can likewise cause difficult consuming of the babys skin and crumbling. The child will pass on after about 60 minutes. The mother conveys the dead infant after a time of 33 35 hours. Some basic side inf luences are seizures, extreme lethargies, and even demise. Prostaglandins are normally delivered synthetic mixes which typically help in the birthing procedure. Be that as it may, the infusion of fake prostaglandins at too soon a phase instigate fierce work followed by untimely birth. Regularly, different types of poisons, are embedded to guarantee dead conveyance. Halfway Birth Abortion, otherwise called Dilation and Extraction (D;E), is utilized to prematurely end ladies who are 20 32 weeks pregnant. The abortionist gets the unborn babys legs with a couple of forceps, pulling the whole infant, barring the head, into the birth channel. Scissors are stuck and afterward opened into the babys skull, and the mind is suctioned out with a catheter. The dead child is then expelled from the uterus. Hysterotomy is a strategy for the most part utilized when others have fizzled. Cuts are made into the mid-region and uterus, and the child is evacuated. Infants are here and there brought into t he world alive during this system. This strategy offers the most elevated hazard to the strength of the mother as a result of the capability of cracking. Some quick fetus removal dangers incorporate disease prompting sterility or passing, over the top dying, high fever, a punctured uterus prompting sterility, stun and demise. Fetus removal additionally builds the danger of bosom disease, cervical malignant growth, tubal pregnancy, unnatural birth cycle, untimely birth, and sterility. The Catholic Church encourages that all people reserve a privilege to live, from the snapshot of origination until the normal appointed snapshot of death. As indicated by these lessons, an individual is living when as youthful as an undeveloped organism until the last second of life before death. Any of the above expressed types of premature birth are ethically off-base since they murder a hatchling which is living, moving, and relaxing. With premature birth, we give ourselves territory over an enormous piece of Gods plan. Our predetermination, our destiny, and our whole race are seriously influenced when we assume control over the choice. Playing God by mediating in human life changes us into killers. We don't have the ability to pick desperate for an unprotected baby. Pope John Paul II encourages that life is in every case great, an end got from the craftsmanship of God in making man in the picture and similarity of God. (Gen. I;26) Thus the person a constrained however obvious reflection of Gods magnificence, has a brilliant poise and his life is held to be sacred. At the point when the Commandments were passed on to Moses, they were appointed to be valid by God. One of those focal qualities was thou will not slaughter. Premature birth is an immediate infringement of the fifth Commandment. Indeed, even in hard cases, for example, assault and interbreeding, Catholics accept there are better choices. Just a single percent of premature births done every year are a consequence of a utomatic sexual events. Each infant is needed and adored by God who has an unmistakable arrangement for their lives. It denies the kid the option to live and society the benefit of the childs blessing and commitments to the world. God hears the new life in the belly, the heart inside the heart, the anguish cry of prisoner youngster crying in obscurity. Commonly in the wake of having a fetus removal, a lady will turn out to be touchy. Post-fetus removal disorder portrays the injury of the lady who at last feels remorseful, comprehends the repercussions of her activities, and second thoughts her past choice. Measurements show that 92% feel less in contact with their feelings or want to smother their feelings. 82% had more prominent sentiments of forlornness or segregation and 86% had expanded inclination toward outrage or wrath. 53% expanded or started utilization of medications as well as liquor. 28% endeavored self destruction. Discouragement, tension, sleep deprivation, and self de struction are on the whole regular side effects a lady will experience after a premature birth. Post-premature birth directing is accessible to help any lady who is experiencing the agony of death and good duty. In 1973, the procedure of fetus removal was legitimized in the United States after the instances of Roe sections Wade and Doe stanzas Bolton. Norma McCorvey lied after swearing to tell the truth, saying that she was assaulted. After her declaration, the jury chose to approve premature births for just the initial three months of pregnancy and permitted fetus removal until birth if an authorized doctor passed judgment on it important for the womans wellbeing. In the subsequent case, the United States senate legal executive board of trustees reasoned that no obstructions of any sort would be put on a lady who decided to have a fetus removal at any phase of her pregnancy. Under United States law, murder is unlawful and the ramifications for any such activity would be detainment or, in certain states, the death penalty. This is so in light of the fact that human reserve the options to life, freedom, and the quest for bliss as per the Constitution. Most importantly is the option to live. It ought not be any extraordinary concerning unborn kids. An individual is made at the moment of origination. Along these lines, each example of fetus removal is murder. Indeed, even star decision activists concur with the logical parts of a babys advancement inside the belly. They accept that albeit all the organs of an individual are available, it's anything but an individual until its introduction to the world. Hence, as they would like to think, the hatchling doesnt have any rights, not even the straightforward right of presence. In what manner can a lady proceed with a fetus removal on the off chance that she knows the accompanying realities? At 0 days old, the egg and sperm join together. Another life hereditarily unmistakable from the moms is made. At 4 days old, the cells start to separate. From 18-21 days, the core of the child starts to beat. At 6-7 weeks, the nerves and muscles cooperate just because. At 7 weeks, unconstrained development is noticeable. One hundred thousand new nerve cells are made every moment. From 7 two months, the palm and fingerprints structure. At about two months, the entirety of the unborn babys organs are framed, the feet and hands have taken structure, and it has the state of a grown-up cerebrum. At 11 weeks, all the body frameworks are working and hiccups can happen. At 3 months old, there is an unmistakable uniqueness in conduct. At 4 months old, kicks of the feet can be recognized, females have every one of the 5 million ova shaped, and the mother will begin to appear. At 5 months old, there is reaction to sound and light. At a half year old, whenever thought about appropriately, the child can be conceived rashly. So what precisely is the issue? Life starts right now of origination, which was set up. On the off chance that

Is There a Mental Illness Test

Is There a Mental Illness Test Psychotherapy Print Is There a Mental Illness Test? By Amy Morin, LCSW facebook twitter instagram Amy Morin, LCSW, is a psychotherapist, author of the bestselling book 13 Things Mentally Strong People Dont Do, and a highly sought-after speaker. Learn about our editorial policy Amy Morin, LCSW Updated on March 28, 2019 More in Psychotherapy Online Therapy In This Article Table of Contents Expand Diagnosis Psychological Tests Screening Tests What to Do View All Back To Top There isn’t a single test that can determine if you have a mental illnessâ€"or deem you 100 percent mentally healthy. Instead, a diagnosis of mental illness is made by a medical or mental health professional who has conducted a thorough evaluation. Diagnosis In most cases, a physician will rule out physical health issues first. Some medical conditions can contribute to mental health problems, so lab tests or a complete physical exam may be necessary. Thyroid disease, for example, may cause someone to experience symptoms of depression. Treating the thyroid condition will help someone feel better emotionally. Once physical health issues are ruled out, a physician may make a diagnosis of a mental illness. Physicians are qualified to diagnose mental illnesses, like major depression and generalized anxiety disorder. Sometimes, they prescribe medication to treat the mental illness. Quite often, however, physicians refer patients with a suspected mental illness to a mental health professional. A physician may recommend a patient see a psychiatrist for medication management or a referral to a psychotherapist may be made so  that a patient can begin talk therapy.   Before starting treatment, a mental health professional who is making a diagnosis will interview the patient. Questions often focus on symptoms, history of symptoms, and difficulties with functioning. Family members may be interviewed as well. This is especially true when a child is being diagnosed with a mental illness or when an individual has poor insight or is an unreliable reporter. The mental health professional will also observe the patient in the office. Some symptoms may be obvious in the interview, such as low energy or hyperactivity. A mental health professional will use the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM-5) to make a diagnosis. The DSM-5 outlines the criteria for each mental illness. Psychological Tests There may be times when psychological testing is necessary. Psychological tests are assessment tools that are administered by psychologists. There are a variety of reasons that a patient may undergo psychological testing. Sometimes, testing is needed to help gain clarity about an individual’s diagnosis. Other tests may help identify an individual’s IQ or any learning disabilities. Psychological tests can also diagnose brain injuries and dementia. Psychological tests may be administered via a computerâ€"or they may be written or given orally. They may involve a series of questions where an individual is asked to provide information about how often they experience certain symptoms or they may be asked to choose statements that best describe how they think, feel, and behave. Screening Tests Screening tests don’t diagnose mental illness but they can signal when further evaluation is needed. Some physicians administer screening tests during annual physicals to look for signs that someone may be experiencing common mental illnesses, like anxiety or depression. A screening test may be administered in the form of a simple questionnaire or a physician or nurse may run through a simple list of questions. Screening tests may also be used by physicians or mental health professionals to determine whether further evaluation is needed surrounding a potential substance abuse issue. A few simple questions can help determine if someone engages in problematic drinking, for example. There are also free screening tests online that you can access. Mental Health America’s website offers screening tools that can help determine if you should speak to your doctor about depression, anxiety, bipolar, psychosis, eating disorders, PTSD, and addiction. There is also a screening tool for children. As the parent, you can fill out one questionnaire and also ask your child to fill out another. The Mental Health America screening tools only take a couple of minutes to complete and you’ll get instant results. You’ll be given a score and given advice on how you might want to proceed. For example, you might be advised to take another since conditions like anxiety and depression often go hand-in-hand. The screening tool may suggest you should show the results to your physician to start a conversation about whether you might have a mental illness. What to Do If you suspect that you or a loved one may have a mental illness, talk to a physician. Or take an online screening tool test to learn more about your symptoms. Mental illnesses are treatable and early intervention can be key to helping you or a loved one best manage your symptoms. How Different Mental Illnesses Are Diagnosed and Treated

Helping the Environment and Our Resources - 676 Words

Our world is a growing world and it is drastically improving as the years go by. There has been numerous advancements in technology, manufacturing, food and the list goes on. However, this advancement is a double-sided coin and as we continue to build better products we are breaking down an important factor in our community which is our environment and our resources. We cut at least 50 million acres of trees every year, with the projection that half of the remaining forest’s would be destroyed by 2030. The temperature of the earth could increase by as much as 12 degrees fahrenheit if we continue to emit the same amount of greenhouse gas we are doing now. The electronic wastes we generate is about 20-50 million metric tons with only 11.4% being actually recycled. These statistics are all very real and the damage that it is doing to our ecosystem is far greater than ever imagined. It is still not too late, we can still save our earth by doing practices that promote environmental sustainability. Before we tackle environmental sustainability, we must first focus to what sustainability means. Sustainability according to the Merriam Webster website, is being able to use without being completely used up or able to last for a long time. In other words, it simply means to preserve it and strengthen it rather than break it down. Environmental sustainability is simply just that; it involves actions that involve protecting and preserving our environment so that it can further improveShow MoreRelatedBiomass Energy In Africa Essay1542 Words   |  7 Pagesmake charcoal is their way of life. Without this resource, it would make it difficult for them to survive. Their dependency to use wood for fuel increases during the drought season and when it is flooding. These circumstances leave them dependent on wood to use as fuel, which is not only destroying the forest, but also its natural resources. As a solution, the authors introduce recycled waste, biomass, as an alternative energy s ource. Helping the people of Africa implement the use biomass asRead MoreHow does new technology make it easier for humans to create a lifestyle that sustains the environment1036 Words   |  5 Pageseasier for humans to create a lifestyle that sustains the environment? 3,000 years ago, human beings discovered coal and began to burn it in order to get heat and energy, which contributed to people’s lives a lot. However, it brought kinds of problems to the environment. During the process of burning, it produces carbon dioxide, sulfur dioxide and smoke. Those products may lead to acid rain and global warming that are harmful to the environment. Nevertheless, with the development of technologies, renewableRead MoreClean Water And Clean Drinking Water898 Words   |  4 PagesWater is an essential element in our daily lives, but for North Americans, water service is a convenience that we too often take for granted until a serious issue occurs,† (Waterworld, 2014). There is more than 1 billion people who lack adequate access to clean drinking water and at least estimated there are over 400 million that are children. Because unclean water yields illness, roughly 443 million school days are missed every year. (Goodnet, 07 Oct, 2014). Providing clean water to the billonsRead MoreReflection Of Communication And Communication1152 Words   |  5 Pages The first resources that I’ve learned from this course are using the multiple job websites online, we’ve had excellent communication between classmates on how we can benefit from using these sites out and look for specific jobs in our area. This will assist in work as a counselor because it will help in my networking about the city I currently work in and learning about how to make my resume stick out. The second fact that I’ve learned in this course is finding balance in your life so that youRead MoreAlternative Sources of Renewable Energy Essay1629 Words   |  7 Pagesworld, the need for energy is growing as well. We are accustomed to using fossil fuels as our central source of energy for everyday uses. Fossil fuels are a natural matter that is found in the ground of the Earth formed in a previous time period millions of years ago that are nonrene wable and are used for energy today. Fossil fuels have to be burned in order to produce energy. When nonrenewable resources have been used, they cannot restock themselves or ever be used again. Renewable energy isRead MoreThe Social Justice Issue Of Poverty963 Words   |  4 Pagesdescribe poverty as an economic deprivation, or lack of income. However, this alone does not incorporate the different social, cultural and political aspects of this unfortunate reality. Poverty is not only a deprivation of economic or material resources but a violation of human dignity. The general scarcity, lack, or the state of one without a specific amount of material possessions or money. It is a versatile concept that may be defined as either absolute or relative. Time and again, povertyRead MoreThe Effects Of Ocean Exploration On Humans And Other Lives Essay1544 Words   |  7 Pagesfrom heat stroke to melancholy(Braun.2013). In the Greeks Romans and the American indians did similar method to heal themselves. The sea’s water effects human physically, emotionally and spiritually. Several research prove that sea helps to maintain our physical, mental and emotional well-being. People who has sleep disorder are often asked to be close around the seashore because sound of waves can alleviate disorder(Roy,2016). Not only taking a bath and be enjoy ocean’s sound, people drink sea waterRead MoreEnergy Resouce Plan1122 Words   |  5 PagesEnergy Resource Plan (Conservation) Kasandra Hunter SCI 275 08/29/2010 Cindy Hall Energy Resource Plan (Conservation) You are a board member of your Home Owner’s Association. At your next meeting, your goal is to educate other homeowners about energy conservation. †¢ Review the following Energy Resource Plan outline: †¢ Introduction: †¢ Provide information about why conserving energy is important. †¢ Renewable versus Nonrenewable †¢ Briefly distinguish between these two typesRead MoreCase Study : Practicing Organization Development871 Words   |  4 Pagesthe past, it is creating an atmosphere of trust and helping the relationships become stronger which in turn makes the organization stronger. You must appreciate the work staff has done in the past and understand the work they created was done with good intent. Decisions were made at the time to improve the organization, honor the decisions and look to the future state and how it can be improved upon based on the current reality. Resources include having the right people in the right placesRead MoreUsing Renewable Energy Essays1622 Words   |  7 Pagesaround the world, the need for more energy increases as well. We are accustomed to using fossil fuels as our central source of energy for everyday exploiting. Fossil fuels are a natural matter that is found in the ground of the Earth that is formed in a previous time period millions of years ago and are nonrenewable. Fossil fuels are burned in order to fabricate energy. When nonrenewable resources have been used, they cannot restock themselves or be used again. Renewable energy is a supply of energy

Drug Trafficking And Its Effects On America - 1137 Words

Drug trafficking has turned into one of the important and complex world issue today. Drug trafficking is the act of selling producing and transporting drugs that are illegal this can be seen in small or large scale operations. Today s drug market is huge and most of the drug related business takes place mostly between Mexico and the U.S. This paper will explore how the Mexican cartels cause crime in order to gain money, induce fear upon the population, and gain power in Mexico. From the year 2006 to 2011, the daily lives of individuals in Mexico were affected by the violence due to the drug war. The cartels corrupt police and governmental officials bribing them with money resulting in a difficult situation about how to stop the drug war as no one can be trusted on either side which will lead to even more bloodshed in the nation and infringe on their human rights and social liberties as well as negative economic impacts. Background on issue The war on drugs began in Colombia as it was the top producer of narcotics all throughout the 80s. Colombia’s Pablo Escobar was the main exporter of cocaine and dealt with organized criminal networks all over the world. The Colombian organizations formed partnerships with the Mexico-based traffickers to transport cocaine through Mexico into the United States. Mexico alone had a major source of heroin and marijuana. Once the Colombian drug trade fell in the 1990s Mexico scrambled to be next in line in terms of power in the drugShow MoreRelatedDrug Trafficking And Its Effects On America1600 Words   |  7 Pages In a country of struggling economies, many have viewed the drug trade as one South American’ s most successful businesses. Latin America s drug trafficking industry has been depicted in United States popular culture through motion pictures such as Scarface and Traffic. The purpose of my research is to take away society’s perception of what Hollywood has depicted drug trade to be and bring out what narcotics trafficking really is, as well as trying to coincide with the motivations of those peopleRead MoreDrug Trafficking And Its Effects On America1261 Words   |  6 Pagesissues that threatens to destroy humanity. Drug trafficking has become the king of these issues, with the other issues slowly branching off as subjects to serve their king. Currently, Mexican drug cartels dominate the wholesale illicit drug market, earning $13.4 to $49.4 billion annually. Since this investment is extremely large, it has become an exhausting challenge to try to destroy the drug traffic king as it threatens to hurt innocents. As the danger of drugs drifts in the streets of Mexico, so doesRead MoreDrug Trafficking And Its Effects On America964 Words   |  4 Pages In regard to Latin America, this area is a crucial geographical zone for drug trafficking and production. Due to the location, the drug trade has found its perfect home, vast mountains and forests enable huge farms to produce and ship drugs to any region they want. Whether it is Colombia, Peru or one of the many countries found to be in this vast collection of drug trafficking, it is apparent that they all share similar geographies that allow the trade to continue. As a result of this, countriesRead MoreDrug Trafficking Essay1574 Words   |  7 PagesDrug trafficking has been a major issue not only in this country but across the world. Drug trafficking has a major foothold in South America, more specifically Mexico and Colum- bia. Both these countries have given birth to some of the most notorious â€Å"Cartels† the world has ever seen. From Pablo Escobar to Joaquin â€Å"El Chapo† Guzman, these are just some of the infa- mous men who have established drug trafficking into the multi-billion dollar business it has be- come today. â€Å"Drug Trafficking OrganizationsRead MoreThe Illegal Drug Business1361 Words   |  5 PagesThe Drug Business Paper Introduction The smuggling of drugs has been a part of the society for over a century in most parts of the world. This form of business has flourished mostly in the developed countries such as the United States of America, where the demand for drugs is high while there is no or very small production in the country. The production in the countries where drugs such as cocaine, heroin, cannabis, etc are supplied is banned mostly under the respective local laws, and thereforeRead MoreDrug Trafficking877 Words   |  4 PagesDrug Trafficking in the United States Americans like to hide thoughts of the bad in society, one of these thoughts often hid or forget about is drug trafficking. Drug trafficking effects everyone from the one-percent down to the people of poverty. Billions of dollars of drugs are bought and sold, with billions more being spent to fight the trafficking of illicit drugs in the United State. With all the money spent to prevent drug trafficking Americans need to understand the harmful effects. Drug TraffickingRead MoreDrug Trafficking1134 Words   |  5 PagesThe international drug trade from Latin American states is having an impact on a global scale. The trafficking of drugs along with corruptness and murder is an international conflict that is being fought daily. There are many aspects of the drug war from Mexico and other Latin American states which have effects on United States policy as well as policies from other countries that participate in the global suppression of illegal drugs. It can be hard to differentiate between conflict and issueRead MoreEssay on Mexican/Latin American â€Å"War† on Drugs and Trafficking1122 Words   |  5 PagesThe international drug trade from Latin American states is having an impact on a global scale. The trafficking of drugs along with corruptness and murder is an international conflict that is being fought daily. There are many aspects of the drug war from Mexico and other Latin American states which have effects on United States policy as well as policies from other countries that participate in the global suppression of illegal drugs. It can be hard to differentiate between conflict and issue inRead MoreIllicit Drug Trafficking : An Organized Crime1481 Words   |  6 Pagesthis paper was to gather research of the topic called illicit drug trafficking. It explores 10 online research articles and websites that relate to illicit drug trafficking. These articles however, vary in their research about the topic. It begins by stating how illicit drug trafficking is considered an organized crime. Two of the main drugs that are trafficked are cocaine and heroin. As a result of drug trafficking, the war on drugs has been a problem for many decades in different countries. Read Moreâ€Å"The War On Drugs Is A Big Fucking Lie†. In Recent History,1560 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"The war on drugs is a big fucking lie† In recent history, there has been much rhetoric surrounding the eradication of cross-border drug trafficking. The â€Å"war on drugs† was introduced in the 1970s by Nixon, who wanted to eliminate the drugs coming into the United States, since they were seen by him as a threat to our nation. Many laws have been enacted with the purpose keeping illicit drugs out of the United States, yet they do so through the use of nativist ideology, which upholds white supremacy

Beauty by Susan Sontag Free Essays

â€Å"The privileges of beauty are immense† said Cocteau. To be sure, beauty is a form of power. And deservedly so. We will write a custom essay sample on Beauty by Susan Sontag or any similar topic only for you Order Now What is Lamentable is that it is the only form of power that most women are encouraged to seek. This power is always conceived in relation to men; is not the power to do but the power to attract. †¦. or renounced with out social censure. † – here she states that beauty is a power that us women or men have naturally, we have the power to attract what we want and don’t want. For the Greeks, beauty was a virtue: a kind of excellence. Person then were assumed to be what we now have to call–lamely, enviously–whole person†¦.. beauty would be matched by beauty of the other kind† -here she explains how theirs two types of beauty the â€Å"inside† beauty and the â€Å"outside† beauty. In Susan Sontag informative piece entitled â€Å"Beauty† she discusses her logical thoughts of the beauty of a women and a men, and of how beauty has changed over the centuries. Susan uses Logical appeals to evoke her philosophy of beauty. She says â€Å"The privileges of beauty are immense† said Cocteau. To be sure, beauty is a form of power. And deservedly so. What is Lamentable is that it is the only form of power that most women are encouraged to seek. This power is always conceived in relation to men; is not the power to do but the power to attract. †¦. or renounced with out social censure. † Here Susan states that beauty is a power that us women or men have naturally, we have the power to attract what we want and don’t want. She as well mentions, â€Å"For the Greeks, beauty was a virtue: a kind of excellence. Person then were assumed to be what we now have to call–lamely, enviously–whole person†¦.. beauty would be matched by beauty of the other kind† Which here she explains how theirs two types of beauty the â€Å"inside† beauty and the â€Å"outside† beauty. Susan is very informative with her logical examples that she makes a clear point in the passage, about beauty has changing through out the centuries but â€Å"inside† beauty and â€Å"outside† beauty remains the same. How to cite Beauty by Susan Sontag, Papers

How does Shakespeare create dramatic impact in Act 1 Scene 5 Essay Example For Students

How does Shakespeare create dramatic impact in Act 1 Scene 5 Essay Shakespeare uses a wide range of skills to portray the development of a character throughout the play. Through using the stage and actions of the actors to convey the drama and emphasise how the characters are feeling, and through careful language that allows the audience and reader an insight into the characters personality, both being responsible for creating dramatic impact creating interest which draws the audience in. This scene is the introduction of the first meeting between Viola and Olivia, and both have a presumption of how each other behaves and have a small expectations which alter as the text continues. Olivia is a character we have yet to be properly introduced until this scene so far in the play, all that is known to the audience and Olivia, is that she is of Noble status, in mourning for the death of her brother, and the object of the Dukes desires. She is veiled which gives her a literal disguise, as sense of anonymity which acts as her defence mechanism against the Duke. With the status of being a Lady there is a respectable, educated manner that is presumed of her, to which she upholds throughout the play always holding the conversation and keeping control of where it leads. This is shown through the structure of the text, where she is usually asking the questions: Where you sent hither to praise me? How does he love me? Are you a comedian? Violas personality is however familiar to the audience in the previous scenes and the audience is aware of her disguise. This causes visual impact, as the audience is aware of something the other characters are not which creates a tension between the audience and the stage. Not only is Viola physically disguised as Cesario she is also disguised mentally as Cesario. She has to take leave from her female noble status into a young male servant to which she has to learn to be accustomed to. Not only are they disguised in their appearance, they are disguising their feelings. Viola has feelings for the Duke and is actually incapable of revealing them for the fear of her true identity being revealed. Through the twists in the plot Olivia becomes attracted and bemused with this young youth Cesario before her, she is attracted to his frankness and welcomes his audacious approach. Twelfth Night is all about roles and role playing which is dramatic in the figurative form. The further we get into the play the further they move from their roles into something that is more personal and true to themselves. Olivia in this scene with Viola moves from her immediately dismissive almost protective anonymity where she uses complex words to show off her importance and heritage to undermine the messenger, tis not the type of moon with me to make one in so skipping a dialogue. This however does not work, and Violas persistence in identifying who the Lady is through the veiled disguise, warrants Olivias interest leading to her revealing herself literally, breaking an oath she claimed she never would. Viola says: Are you the Lady of the house?, for she does not want to cast away her speech for which she says was excellently well penned on someone of no significance. Olivia later replies, we will draw the curtain and show you the picture. Viola is incapable of remaining impartial throughout this scene, and becomes impertinent in her approach, she steps out of her role, and through blind jealousy of the Dukes passion for this lady before her, begins to almost size up the competition, and remarks rather snidely when Olivia is asking for approval of the beauty of her face, Excellently done, if God did all and further more accuses he of being proud, I see what you are, you are too proud. For a servant this is completely outrageous remark, after all she is accusing a Lady of one of the seven deadly sins. Olivia however does not upbraid Cesario, only simply says, you are now out of your text. .u488a1d88a735156a4dcc878ac97163af , .u488a1d88a735156a4dcc878ac97163af .postImageUrl , .u488a1d88a735156a4dcc878ac97163af .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u488a1d88a735156a4dcc878ac97163af , .u488a1d88a735156a4dcc878ac97163af:hover , .u488a1d88a735156a4dcc878ac97163af:visited , .u488a1d88a735156a4dcc878ac97163af:active { border:0!important; } .u488a1d88a735156a4dcc878ac97163af .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u488a1d88a735156a4dcc878ac97163af { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u488a1d88a735156a4dcc878ac97163af:active , .u488a1d88a735156a4dcc878ac97163af:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u488a1d88a735156a4dcc878ac97163af .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u488a1d88a735156a4dcc878ac97163af .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u488a1d88a735156a4dcc878ac97163af .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u488a1d88a735156a4dcc878ac97163af .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u488a1d88a735156a4dcc878ac97163af:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u488a1d88a735156a4dcc878ac97163af .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u488a1d88a735156a4dcc878ac97163af .u488a1d88a735156a4dcc878ac97163af-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u488a1d88a735156a4dcc878ac97163af:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Is Shylock a villain or victim in Shakespeare's The Merchant of Venice EssayOlivia also reveals begins to reveal herself to Viola. At the beginning she is very cynical and dismissive of the messengers speech, and remarks quite coldly when Viola refers to the Dukes love lying in his bosom, O. I have read it: it is heresay. Further on in the conversation however she reveals a more honest and forthright insight into her feelings for the Duke. She states simply that no matter how suitable he is for her, and how many qualities he has, she wants to stick to the romantic notions of love and says simply to Viola, But yet I cannot love him: He might have took this answer long ago. Dramatic irony is continually featured in Twelfth Night and especially in this scene, the audience is capable of knowing the immediate circumstances of the story than the actual characters within it do; the audience is able to see a discrepancy between characters perceptions and the reality they face. Viola and Olivias beliefs become ironic because they are different from the reality of their immediate situation, and there intentions are likewise different from their actions will have. This not only creates tension between the characters, but between the audience and the characters as the audience has to wait in suspense for the truth to be revealed. They are both trying to outwit each other which for Olivia is battling between class difference, and for Viola it is about jealously of Orsinos love and trying to demote Olivias womanhood. After their introductions they become very personal, and Olivia asks, what are you? what would you? to which Viola ironically replies, What I am, and what I would, are as secret as maidenhood. This has an explicit meaning as well as an ostensible one. There is a more significant underlining meaning behind this statement, the fact that she is a maiden is oblivious to Olivia, she only sees the surface truth of that line.It is also clear that Viola is left in the dark also about Olivias character, she says, I see what you are, this is far from the truth. She thinks she is seeing the real Olivia however she still manages through being blinded by her jealousy, fails to notice the humility and honesty of what Olivia is telling her because she is refusing to believe that Olivia could be any way near being as good of a suit as she herself would be for the Duke. As this is only being perceived by the audience it is very humorous for them. As the scene develops the initial formalities carried out by servant and Lady are lost, and they continue their conversation in a more familiar manner. Olivia is entangled in Cesarios romantic vision of how he would love her if he were the Duke and ironically Viola is wishing that she was also the object of such passion from the Duke. Olivia is so used to the passive images that the Duke leaves her to imagine in his speeches, that she is overwhelmed when this attractive youth is romantically preaching about the willow cabin and love that is beyond the elements of air and earth, she is captured by the romantic image that Cesario is creating. Violas objective was not to attract Olivia for herself though this is clear through Olivia saying very enthusiastically, You might do much. When the audience is aware that this is in fact what she has succeeded in achieving, much to Violas dismay it is very humorous and just adds layers of complexity to the triangle which causes great humour. Humour and Irony is also something that can be acted well on stage, something for which Shakespeare was famous for doing. It is hard to interpret a play from a book of text, whereas when it is played on stage it has all ready been interpreted for the audience by each character, and manipulated in a way that causes the most impact on the audience. If this was a tragic play like Othello this would be done through creating chilling tension and a tragic ending. .ud1b8b398507610bd3c4efb885016f256 , .ud1b8b398507610bd3c4efb885016f256 .postImageUrl , .ud1b8b398507610bd3c4efb885016f256 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ud1b8b398507610bd3c4efb885016f256 , .ud1b8b398507610bd3c4efb885016f256:hover , .ud1b8b398507610bd3c4efb885016f256:visited , .ud1b8b398507610bd3c4efb885016f256:active { border:0!important; } .ud1b8b398507610bd3c4efb885016f256 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ud1b8b398507610bd3c4efb885016f256 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ud1b8b398507610bd3c4efb885016f256:active , .ud1b8b398507610bd3c4efb885016f256:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ud1b8b398507610bd3c4efb885016f256 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ud1b8b398507610bd3c4efb885016f256 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ud1b8b398507610bd3c4efb885016f256 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ud1b8b398507610bd3c4efb885016f256 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ud1b8b398507610bd3c4efb885016f256:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ud1b8b398507610bd3c4efb885016f256 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ud1b8b398507610bd3c4efb885016f256 .ud1b8b398507610bd3c4efb885016f256-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ud1b8b398507610bd3c4efb885016f256:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: With close reference to the play explore the extent to which 'falling in love' and other events happen too quickly to be credible EssayTwelfth Night is however a comedy and revolves around creating so many silly complications between the characters through whit and disguise that ultimately creates such an amount of irony, that the audience cannot help take an interest, and wait to find out if the mess is ever entangled. The actors emphasise certain lines, and in some cases over act certain actions to emphasis certain parts to make the audience aware that either something humorous is happening a twist is being revealed in the plot. The reason this scene is so effective on its impact on the audience is because we are comparing two people who under their disguises are incredibly similar. They are both mourning the supposed death of their brothers, they are both originally of Noble status and they are both hiding the true objects of their affections. Both characters at the beginning of the scene were very formal and respectful of their different roles in society, end up letting down their guards, talking more familiarly and exposing subtly their vulnerabilities without it being too obvious to one another. This is clear for Viola through her jealousy and Olivia through her changing simple language and gentle tone. The dramatic irony that comes from the audience knowing the immediate circumstances of the story, and the characters being oblivious with entirely different perceptions of what reality they also face creates the tension and interest that makes the audience want to keep watching, which in affect is the whole objective of a play.

Work Experience Written Acount Essay Example For Students

Work Experience Written Acount Essay I sat and considered my choices for work experience carefully after I had heard I was to spend two weeks doing it. I thought of letting the school choose for me but quickly decided against it as I didnt think I could stand spending the time making tea. Many people mentioned vets to me as I have a love of animals however due to insurance policies I was forced to consider working with my parents. In fact it wasnt that awful, my mum worked at Edwin Lambert Primary School and I was curious to discover what working with children was like. I soon had a meeting with the classroom assistant and teacher of the Edwin Lambert Nursery. We will write a custom essay on Work Experience Written Acount specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now I was very surprised that it was the nursery that had agreed to take me on as I expected to be in different primary classes, however, I soon got over the shock. Having come straight from school in a rush I must have looked a scruffy bag of nerves! Well thats certainly how I felt. They introduced themselves as Mrs Rusha and Mrs Bumford with a smile and a general pleasant attitude. The nerves Id felt before slowly disintegrated as I realized I would be in safe hands in the nursery. The nursery itself was fairly large with a green carpet and various tables and games scattered around. I was soon to discover that it was harder than it looked to find what you needed there! After I had been offered a tour and uncovered all the useful facts, I went home to wait out the last few days of school. On the morning of my first working day, I felt rather reluctant to leave the house! Although I wasnt nervous, I had a slight sense of looming dread that I was going to somehow embarrass myself during the coming weeks. I dressed in a black outfit which made my mum feel important enough to make constant sarcastic remarks about the school not being a funeral. However I rose above the immaturity and got to work to hear she had advised everyone to copy her jokes. Only an hour had gone since Id woken up and I was already embarrassed! I still wasnt sure what the routine was, so I was advised by Mrs Rusha to just communicate with the children and get to know them. When I heard this I imagined an easy and fun day playing with the children. How wrong could I have been? After a brief wait, the toddlers finally arrived and I was surprised to see how mature and organised they were. They all entered one by one, took their Velcro names off the wall and onto a chart (to show their attendance) then sat down silently on the carpet while their parents waved goodbye. I was stunned because at my nursery I had come in with my parents and screamed my head off when they left! I was still standing with my mouth wide open when I was introduced to everyone. The children didnt seem to notice I was even there but I was informed later on by another member of the nursery staff that so many people are involved in their lives that they dont take much notice. Although I was relieved, as I thought it would mean no emotional attachments, I was also quite disappointed because I knew my absence would not be missed by any of them at the end of my time there. After registration had been called it was official playtime for an hour. Playtime involved several tables set up with different activities that would help with certain subjects. For example on the maths table there could be plastic shapes for the children to play with or even simple counting games for them to do. Each table was changed every day to a set plan recorded the week before. .uf8c665f853697919d81cd36bfed164ae , .uf8c665f853697919d81cd36bfed164ae .postImageUrl , .uf8c665f853697919d81cd36bfed164ae .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uf8c665f853697919d81cd36bfed164ae , .uf8c665f853697919d81cd36bfed164ae:hover , .uf8c665f853697919d81cd36bfed164ae:visited , .uf8c665f853697919d81cd36bfed164ae:active { border:0!important; } .uf8c665f853697919d81cd36bfed164ae .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uf8c665f853697919d81cd36bfed164ae { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uf8c665f853697919d81cd36bfed164ae:active , .uf8c665f853697919d81cd36bfed164ae:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uf8c665f853697919d81cd36bfed164ae .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uf8c665f853697919d81cd36bfed164ae .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uf8c665f853697919d81cd36bfed164ae .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uf8c665f853697919d81cd36bfed164ae .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uf8c665f853697919d81cd36bfed164ae:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uf8c665f853697919d81cd36bfed164ae .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uf8c665f853697919d81cd36bfed164ae .uf8c665f853697919d81cd36bfed164ae-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uf8c665f853697919d81cd36bfed164ae:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Parenting Styles EssayI found it almost impossible to keep up with the plan. In fact I dont believe I actually managed to successfully change an activity on a table without annoying several teachers along the way! There was also a sand pit and water trough that was kept up everyday as they were extremely popular. Watching the children play was a great experience for me. The way they interacted with each other was like an alien language to me but it was very interesting and terribly sweet! I couldnt help but find myself getting absorbed into their innocent minds by chatting randomly about anything that had happened to them the day before. The time, however, did not seem to fly and I was more than happy when they were finally called to clean up and start their snack. Doing this was good for me as it gave me a job of cleaning all the sand from the floor and checking everyone was eating their fruit properly. This became a job I took on for myself everyday as I felt I wasnt given enough to do elsewhere. After snack everyone had to clean up to get an hours play in the adjoining garden before being able to go home. That was the routine I followed twice a day for the two weeks, as there was a morning and afternoon group.

Canadian New Media (the Topic Should Related To Cultural Industry Annotated Bibliography

Canadian New Media (the Topic Should Related To Cultural Industry Annotated Bibliography Canadian New Media (the Topic Should Related To Cultural Industry – Annotated Bibliography Example Section/# Annotation and Review Gezduci, H., & dHaenens, L. (2007). Culture-specific features as determinants of news media use. Communications: The European Journal Of Communication Research, 32(2), 193-222. doi:10.1515/COMMUN.2007.012The above article analyzes the use of media as it relates to cultural and socio-demographic issues. The study analyzes the results of a complete study which involved both host and native residents in order to determine the unique divergence and relationships that these groups expressed with relation to culture-specific features articulated via the news media. The determinant metrics included language, religion, and political issues. The study found that clear ethnic, religious, and socio-demographic divergence was exhibited with relation the differing levels of interpretation and implied meaning that was inferred by the news media. This level of divergence was expected as it only served to reinforce the hypothesis that cultural interpretations of media heavily affected the way in which individual groups assimilated the information that was provided to them. However, what was not expected was that the results would show an unexpected group showing the clearest divergence as opposed to the expected group. In this way, the study noted that although one might expect the ethnic or religious preference of a given group to more closely affect the way in which particular cultural aspects of the news media were interpreted, this was not the case. Instead, the study found a clear correlation between socio-demographics features with respect to the way in which cultural news media was understood, appreciated, and approached.

Eating Disorders Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Eating Disorders - Research Paper Example However, the same study done in 2008 showed that eating disorders had become an affair for all: men and women, the rich and the poor, blacks and whites. This paper explores the various aspects of the globalization of eating disorders, factors favoring the globalization and whether at all there is a possibility of managing this trend. Eating disorders have existed for a long time in history, earlier than the 19th Century where people engaged in self-starvation (Bruch 89). However, as time goes by, the rate of the prevalence of the disorders has risen and varied in various demographics. Bruch in his article ‘The Golden Cage’ explains Anorexia Nervosa as disorder for teenage girls mostly from financially stable families. This notion has been disagreed upon as research by the American Psychiatry Association has shown that males, middle-aged and aging people, African-Americans and low-class population have reported cases of eating disorders. Contrary to the earlier notion, eating disorders are an emerging problem for the entire female fraternity in the world. In the African society, for instance, the ideal woman traditionally was voluptuous and fat. Thin women were seen as a sign of poverty, sickness or even death. As Frank Osodi points out in the ‘’Golden Cage’, African girls have hips, bums and are fleshy. For years, this was sustained as the optimal standard of measuring beauty among women in Africa. Conversely, in United States, thinness was associated with social status and as an evidence of moral virtue (Raisanen and Hunt 57). Fatness is associated with low status, laziness and gluttony. This contemporary definition of beauty has spread across the globe changing even the Africans beliefs on beauty. African women have become keener about their body shape and size. Practices such as cosmetic surgery, exercise, and strict dieting regimes have been adopted with the aim of controlling weight and becoming slender. Globally, being overweight is

Discussion question Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Discussion question - Research Paper Example As such, crop rotation still proves to be an effective tradition of regulating destructive pests to enhance crop production. By an inclusive task of allowing legume growth and green manure, crop rotation potentially facilitates soil renewal through addition of the necessary nutrients (Redelf). Similarly, zero tillage is able to provide agricultural sustenance to a rather limited extent due to complexity in managing weed control. This practice however, results to lower risks of unfavorable environmental impact and a significantly economical alternative of reducing costs with fuel, labor, and equipment (Redelf). In the next fifty years, with the fast-changing trends in technology and most industries in general, adjustments with agricultural measures would inevitably follow and necessitate shifting course. Certain agriculture experts have conjectured that if artificial standardization proceeds via pursuing biotechnological objectives with advanced breeding approach, number of food crops according to category would diminish, eventually leading to a worldwide famine (Redelf). It is therefore a must to keep a well-balanced biodiversity in the farm produce that are amply cultivated for human consumption by innovating new ways that satisfy instead the reverse order of current aim in advancement (Redelf).

Aspects of Health: Contribution to Wellness

Aspects of Health: Contribution to Wellness Charlene Mifsud Health is composed of 5 aspects: social health, physical health, mental health, economical health, spiritual health. Discuss how these five aspects of health contribute towards wellness. Wellness and health do not have the same meaning since health is divided into 5 different components which are: physical health, mental health, spiritual health, economical health and social health, while wellness mostly emphasizes a person’s responsibility for well-being by practicing health-promotion and their life style behaviours. When one is not healthy it does not necessarily mean that the person has a disease or has a pathogen since health as introduced above is divided into different categories. Wellness is when the five different categories of health are balanced and are all positive so if one of the components starts to get negative, we can say the person is starting to feel unwell due to lack of a certain health component. The following discussion will explain each aspect and my own personal opinion is given in each case. Physical health: Physical health concerns the whole physical parts of the human body. One must keep in control of what they eat by following a balanced diet, exercise regularly, not smoke, no drug use, drink water, sleep well and be hygienic. I personally think that these factors will help the well-being of a person and prevent and harm being caused to the physical body. Diseases may arise if one or more of these factors are not followed such as coronary artery disease, hypertension, diabetes, hypercholesterolemia, myocardial infarction, cancers (due to drugs, alcohol or smoking) and countless others. Some may argue that if a person is at a healthy weight they can eat junk food and others might say that if a person is stressed let them smoke since it relaxes them. One needs to be educated about these deadly vices at an early age as to prevent from starting because once a person starts one of these critical habits it’s difficult to stop and may lead to serious damages to body. Also some may arg ue that children should not be taught such things as it may influence them by trying them out since curiosity overcomes us but some might say that it is their decision and the future is in their hands so let them decide what they want in life. Finally in my opinion I would make people aware of what causes illnesses and these will inspire them to maintain a healthy physical body and reduce any risk factors. Those who argue against it, their opinion is accepted but if any future complications arise stopping these unhealthy habits may be even more difficult once taken after long periods of time. Mental health In order to be mentally healthy one must feel comfortable about themselves and raise their self esteem by accepting themselves as they are. Mixing with people and making friends help to stabilize a person and keep their mind positive which will help by avoiding falling into depression of solitude. Economical problems such as being in debt may lead a person to feel melancholic: ‘’More than a quarter of people with mental health problems were in debt.’’(Brian Krans, October 3rd, 2013). If a person is bullied seek immediate help before the victim starts to lose self esteem and may start feeling suicidal. Also if for any reason one may feel stressful, finding ways to calm oneself such as yoga, healthy food, exercise or even join a support group may help before matters go downhill since stress may cause further problems concerning physical health. Some may oppose my personal opinion by saying that if a person does not want to seek help from other professionals l et them be it is their life. Also some may say if a person would rather stay alone than mix with people it would be better for everyone so that person will not pass on their depression to others which most probably this would not happen. Letting people who are in a bad state stay the way they are without convincing them to change will have an impact on the people around them and care for them. Help people who are in need of support as to prevent future harm to themselves and to the people around them. Spiritual health Spiritual health does not necessarily mean believing in a higher being, but it also includes to feel by loving, being compassionate and forgiving. I agree that as human beings we have the capability to love and be compassionate with our partner and this makes one feel spiritually at ease. Forgiveness though must be earned and I personally think that if one asks for forgiveness they mean it and believe that what they have done was wrong. Others may say that everyone deserves forgiveness even if the person does not ask for forgiveness from their victim. These three values assist a person by gaining ethical intelligence, give the true meaning of life, make decisions easier to take, and appreciate all that is around us. Different people from all around the world have different religious beliefs and others have none. Involving oneself by visiting the specific place of worship for a certain religion will make one feel at peace in mind and spirit. I personally will not put my faith on a hig her being and don’t feel spiritually unhealthy. Some may agree with my thoughts and might not believe in superior power but others with different religions do and we must all respect each other. Most sick people pray to their god/s for health or a miracle and if these people did not have faith in such higher beings they would feel hopeless. Faith gives one hope by feeling spiritually at ease when praising their god/s and also when facing difficulties in life. Social health Being socially healthy means that one should get involved in society whether it’s a hometown or school, getting to know people around us and feel accepted. As human beings we crave acceptance from peers so everyone tries to go along with what the society as a whole is doing. Usually the outcasts of the social groups tend to make small groups of their own and find acceptance with other people with whom they find similarities with. Volunteering in a group or event will give one satisfaction that no other paying job will, such as helping the elderly and being appreciated. In my opinion I do not feel that I have to be accepted in society as a whole so instead I find comfort by needing to be accepted by my family and friends. We do not all have to click and have the same opinions but acceptance of who we are is enough. Some may argue that in order to be accepted in society one must follow the standard lifestyle and any uniqueness will not be tolerated. For example, the typical sexu al orientation is heterosexual, so in some countries around the world homosexuals are not accepted in the society and are labelled as odd beings which may drive these innocent victims mad so they try to be ‘normal’ while others rebel by forming gay right groups. Society has an immense impact on our lives and we all just want to be accepted by someone and be loved the way we are without judgements. Economical health Economical health is earned when people are young by receiving a good education for a future stable job. Continuing education such as attending university will increase the amount of pay in their job which will help the person by being financially stable. Finding a good job that makes the person happy will guarantee economical health if and only if the person does not abuse with the earned money. One must save up earned money and spent on essential equipment such as a home, a car, clothes, food, etc. In my opinion education is a necessity, where one may be grateful for it in the future since nowadays money is requested everywhere. Continuing education may be the hard part as some teenagers might be hard headed and start thinking of getting a simple job and start earning money on their own instead of studying further and get a career later on in life. Personally I would demonstrate on how easier life would be if they had to continue their education. Some may oppose by saying that if i t were not for some teens to be working such simple jobs their family may fall apart since the teenager is the breadwinner of the family. Some may even start a family at a young age and no other option would be possible except to work a simple job and earn enough money. One must be careful to choose the right choices offered in life and seek help when needed, professional if need be. Earning money is not enough one must spend money wisely and not abuse by gambling or buying drugs/alcohol or purchase unnecessary objects. Spending earned money on the right objects in life will give one good economical health. In conclusion to all this, one must try to balance out the five discussed topics above in order to maintain wellness and a healthy lifestyle to prolong life. If one has a good physical health, mentally at peace with no stressors, spiritual beliefs where one may keep hopeful, a good social status and fine economical health this will result by the person being well and healthy. Basically all in all the wellness of the person depends on the different health aspects by keeping them balanced and positive. References Edlin G., Goltanty E., McCormack Brown K., (1932), Health and wellness. (6th ed.). USA: Jones and Bartlett Publishers Krans B., How debt affects your mental health, retrieved January 12th 2013, http://www.healthline.com/health-news/mental-how-debt-affects-mental-health-100313 Strout K., Wellness promotion and the institute of medicine’s future of nursing report: Are nurses ready?, retrieved: January 13th 2012, http://www.nursingcenter.com/lnc/journalarticle?Article_ID=1333059 Ardell D., Definitions of health wellness, retrieved: January 13th 2014, http://www.ilru.org/healthwellness/healthinfo/wellness-definition.html Das B., New textbook, health and wellness for life outlines the six dimensions of wellness, 16th January 2014, http://www.humankinetics.com/excerpts/excerpts/new-texbook-health-and-wellness-for-life-outlines-the-six-dimensions-of-wellness Montague J., Whole-person wellness for vital living, retrieved: 18th January 2014, http://www.seniorfitness.net/Whole_Person_Wellness.htm 1 | Page Decision Making Environment Types: Case Study Decision Making Environment Types: Case Study Organization Management Jiani Li There are two major decision-making environments for managers to address changes, the programmed decision-making environment and the non-programmed decision making environment. Due to the different decision-making environments they work in, different managers may make different decisions in change management. In this case, Specialist Apparel Ltd. may use two change management approachesas to address its current change. One approach is to implement the directive approach, which highlights the boss’ right and authority to impose changes. In this case, Henry is the boss who has the authority to impose changes forcibly. Henry favors the directive approach because he works in non-programmed decision making environment, where a new solution is often necessary. The other approach is the expert approach that requires the problems in change management to be resolved by an expert (Northumbria University, 2014). In this case, the Production Director Jim Foster acts as the expert who argues that the company should rely on the existing employees and customers. Jim Foster favors the expert approach due to his programmed decision-making environment where he relies heavily on his past experience. The directive approach requires the company to contract with temporary employees. The expert approach requires the company to remain and train the existing employees so that they can operate the newly-purchased machines. If the directive approach is implemented, the change management will subject to Henry’s idea that the organization should focus on the new orders by bringing in new staff.The proponents of this approach include the boss, the sales staff and the new Korean customer Hyonsung. The key details of this approach: bring contract specialist staff who design the products and run the machines lay off some of the existing employees who are currently useless If the expert approach is implemented, the company should continue to focus on the existing orders by retaining the existing staff. The proponents of this approach include the production staff, the low-level employees, and the existing domestic customers such as Rebel Sport. The key details of this approach: Train the existing employees so that they can use the newly-invested CAM and CNC systems According to Bateman and Zeithaml, organizational change includes three major areas, the technological change, the structural change, and the people change (Advameg, Inc, 2014).All of these changes occur in internal environment of Specialist Apparel Ltd. A firm’s internal environment involves multiple factors including value, vision, policies, employees, shareholder, stakeholders, and assets and so on. In this case, the company can manage the technological change, the structural change, and the people change with use of directive and expert approaches. Firstly, the implementation the directive approach will start with people change by bringing with new staff. Then, the new staff will bring new technology into the organization, resulting in technological changes. At the same time, the company may manage the structural change through team building. Secondly, the implantation of the expert approach will bring about significant technological change to the organization by training the existing employees. Also, structural changes may be made as to support the technological changes. For example, the company may change management structure by establishing a new department. In this case, this approach involves no significant people change. Overall, no matter which of the approaches will be taken, there would be changes to the internal environment. Specialist Apparel Ltd’s change management problem is the conflict between the boss’ desire to obtain new orders and enter new markets and the company’s limited ability to fulfill it. The two approaches can be applied to these problems in different ways. One option to overcome this problem is the directive approach proposed by the Managing Director Henry Buck worth. If this approach is applied, the company will focus on the new contract with the Korean customer but drop 65 percent of the existing business. The company will start â€Å"bringing in new specialist contract staff to design the product and run the new machines†. At the same time, the company will seek to identify how to supply Rebel Sport, its biggest customer in New Zealand for the next few months. According its existing production capacity, Specialist Apparel Ltd would be unable to fulfill the domestic orders. The other option to overcome this problem is to adopt the expert approach proposed by Production Manager Jim Foster. If this approach is applied, the company will focus on supplying the existing customers while abandoning the new orders. To achieve this, the company will train up the existing employees to operate the new equipment. Also, the company will retain the existing designing staff without contracting new ones. 4. A change agent refers to the person who has the authority or skills to stimulate, facilitate, and coordinate the change effort. A change agent can be either internal or external. There are different roles that change agents may play in change management, such as consulting, training, and research (Lunenburg, 2010, p.1). In this case, Hyonsung, Henry Buck worth, and Jim Foster are the three major change agents in the change management process. The Korean customer Hyonsung plays a role of initiator in the change management because the company is the change agent who triggers a series of changes to Specialist Apparel Ltd. The advantage of Hyonsung is that it has determining power to make the changes. The limitation of Hyonsung is that the Korean company has little knowledge of Specialist Apparel Ltd. Henry, as the boss of the company, plays the role of leadership in the change management process. He has the power to enforce the change management approaches. Henry’s advantage in change management is his superior power over the implementation and far vision of the organizational future. However, Henry has limitations due to his lack of knowledge in production. Jim Foster plays the role of consulting in the change management process. As the Production Manager, Jim provides advices about change management approach, but need approval for further implementation. Jim’s advantage is that he is production expert. However, Jim has limitation that he has no overall vision of the organization. 5.  The contextual factors influence the company and the staff’s response differently. The organizational culture, which refers to the beliefs, attitudes, and practices that define an organization. An organizational culture can be described as its personality or character. Organizational culture has double roles. On the one hand, it integrates all the organizational members, facilitating the internal communication. On the other hand, organizational culture also helps organizations make decisions to adapt to external changes. In this case, the organizational culture may play a critical role in making the change management decisions. If the culture of Specialist Apparel Ltd is aggressive, it would be likely to adopt the directive approach, by bringing in new staff and focusing on new orders. By contrast, if the culture of Specialist Apparel Ltd is conservative, it would be more likely to adopt the expert approach, by retaining the existing staff and focusing on the current orders. Management style, refers to the way how the organization is managed. If the company has directive or authoritative manage styles, it is likely to adopt directive change management approach by bringing in new staff. If the company adopts affinitive or participative management style, it is like to adopt expert change management approaching by retaining the existing staff. Organizational ethics and value, which refer to the code of conduct that communicates the value of the organization to its employees(McGew, 2014).If the company pay less attention to stakeholders, it is like to follow the directive approach. If the company’s organizational ethics and value are based on the stakeholder theory, it is like to adopt the expert approach. Participation, which refers to the extent to which the employees participate in the change management. If Specialist Apparel Ltd has low level of participation, it is likely to adopt the directive approach. By contrast, if the organization has high level of participation, it would be more likely to adopt the expert approach. Communication, which refers to the level of communication within the organization. If the company conventionally has low level of communication, it will be more likely to implement the directive approach. By contrast, if the company has high level of communication, it will be more likely to follow the advice given by the Production Manager and adopt the expert approach. Environmental pressure, which refers to the pressure the company receives from the environment. The environment that a firm operates in can be divided into three levels, i.e. the internal environment, the micro environment and the external environment. Accordingly, the environment pressure may come from a number of sources, it is more complex compared to other contextual factors. In this case, the environment pressure mainly from the internal and micro-environment. In the internal environment, the environmental pressure may come from the employees. If the organization receive great pressure from the existing employees, the organization would be more likely to retain the existing staff and provide training courses to them. In the micro-environment, the environmental pressure mainly come from the existing and potential customers. If the existing customer gives great pressure, Specialist Apparel Ltd would be likely to focus on the existing orders. If Specialist Apparel Ltd receives great pressure from the potential customers, it would be likely to bring in new staff and drop some of the existing orders. Reference List: Advameg, Inc., 2014, ‘Managing Organizational Change’ [online]. Available from: http://www.referenceforbusiness.com/small/Mail-Op/Managing-Organizational-Change.html [Accessed 4 June 2014]. Lunenburg, F. (2010) ‘Managing Change: The Role of the Change Agent’, International Journal of Management, Business, and Administration, vol. 13, no. 1, August, pp. 1-6. McGew, M., 2014, ‘Definition of Organizational Ethics Values’ [online]. Available from: http://www.ehow.com/info_8447553_definition-organizational-ethics-values.html [Accessed 4 June 2014]. Northumbria University, 2014, ‘Change strategy and approaches’ [online]. Available from: http://www.jiscinfonet.ac.uk/infokits/change-management/strategy-approaches [Accessed 4 June 2014].

Career Objectives Essay

My career objective is to develop and build-up manpower with practical knowledge and problem solving skills to expand small and medium agribusiness enterprises and improve the productivity of agribusiness value chain in agricultural industry and also in my country. Also I plan to apply acquired knowledge and practical skills from TAMU to up-scale agribusiness management, farmer producer organizations and groups, agribusiness supply chain management and improve agribusiness marketing of processed commodities and small business enterprise development. To be involved in international research, outreach programs and teaching in various aspects of agribusiness management and Enterprise Development. These activities inform our domestic efforts and enable me to address important problems and opportunities in my country’s (Nigeria) agribusiness supply chain and Enterprise Development. Also to help in the attainment of the national objective of poverty alleviation and food security in my country as envisage by the Agricultural Perspective Plan (APP) through assured and efficient agricultural marketing system. To create environment for incentive price of the farmers at the same time help the consumers in their access to agricultural produces at a comfortable price. To carry out relevant agriculture marketing research activities to support the future marketing policies and programs. To facilitate and support agro entrepreneur’s association for promoting agribusiness and export from Nigeria. To construct and strengthen agriculture marketing infrastructure. Commercialization of the agriculture has been my priority at the recent time which has increased substantial market surplus of various agricultural commodities, like vegetables, fruits, species, cash crops and other agricultural products within the country. With the increase in volume of marketable surplus, t he need for assured market outlet has become very necessary. This calls for improvement is the my overall interest.

Technology and education

Introduction: Disability and TechnologyAccording to the U. S. Department of Commerce, more than half of all Americans use the Internet in some way, but â€Å"persons with a disability are only half as likely to have access to the Internet as those without a disability†¦ [a]nd while just under 25% of those without a disability have never used a personal computer, close to 60% of those with a disability fall into that category.† In addition â€Å"[a]mong those with a disability, people who have impaired vision†¦ have even lower rates of Internet access and are less likely to use a computer regularly than people with hearing and mobility problems† (National Telecommunications and Information Administration, 2000, p. xv).Cyndi Rowland, director of the Web Accessibility in Mind (WebAIM) project at Utah State University's Center for Persons with Disabilities, calls for a â€Å"national solution† to the problem of inaccessibility, especially â€Å"if we are t o abide by civil rights legislation, federal rulings, and common ethics† (Rowland, 2000, p. 10). Understanding the specific needs and concerns of students with disabilities may aid educators, information technology designers, and educational institutions to ensure that students with disabilities, particularly those who are blind or visually impaired, are not left behind in this technological â€Å"revolution.†The Internet and the web have become an integral part of higher education, transforming the educational experiences of all   students. In 1997, the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C), the international body that oversees the protocols and operations of the Internet, created the Web Accessibility Initiative (WAI). WAI is responsible for promoting web functionality for people with disabilities and establishing accessibility guidelines. In this age of computer technology, many of the tools needed to enable students with disabilities to obtain equity in education and be yond already exist. For those involved in educational institutions, these tools can provide opportunities and independence, eliminating the obstacles and barriers that many of the current systems still enable.A review of the literature related to attitudes and other barriers that people with disabilities must contend with every day at school and at work, the integration of computer technology in postsecondary education, and the needs and concerns of students with disabilities, in particular those who are blind or visually impaired, may provide some insights for future policies and guidelines regarding access and use of computer technologies for students who are blind or visually impaired.Technology: Enhancing Modern EducationExperiences of people with visual impairments in the workplace and their use of computer technology and the Internet was the focus of a qualitative study conducted in Australia by Williamson, Albrecht, Schauder, and Bow (2001). Primarily through focus group rese arch, the researchers presented the perceived benefits and concerns of the study's participants. Most agreed that the Internet enabled them to participate in an information and communication format that is becoming a primary source for many people. Many also saw the Internet as enabling them to be less reliant on others and, therefore, facilitating an increase in their own privacy.However, some were concerned about a reduction in social contact and an increase in isolationism. An additional concern was that there would be a decline in the quality of services from such entities as the government and banks because more is being done online. Training was viewed as critical to successfully using the Internet and computer technology. This, it was believed by many, was the key to achieving equality in the workplace, yet many felt it was a low priority by agencies and workplaces. Cost was also viewed as a barrier to accessing computers and the Internet.With various Internet advances, more individuals in all sectors of the community are working from home.   For visually impaired members of community the Internet has the potential to free them from the restrictions they have experienced in the past while seeking to obtain employment. â€Å"Once the challenges of access have been surmounted, [visually impaired] users can take their places in the digitalized workforce† (Williamson et al., 2001, pp. 693-4).With computer technology becoming a part of all college students' educational experiences, how are postsecondary schools preparing students for a computer-integrated future? To determine how the use of various technologies affect student learning, Shuell and Farber (2001) conducted a study of 728 sighted undergraduate and graduate students at a large northeastern university, where they found that, in general, students perceived the use of computer technology in their courses to be very beneficial. Students also believed that the use of communication technology brought an increase in their sense of involvement in a course.Eighty-eight percent of the sample indicated that their use of computer technology helped them learn materials and skills, and 75 percent indicated that using computer technology improved the quality of interaction with their instructor. Students also viewed the use of dynamic computer presentations and the Internet in lectures very favorably; it kept their interest, and the students believed that it improved their learning.  Ã‚  Ã‚   Students also favored electronic forums as a way to interact with their peers (e.g., email, listservs, and newsgroups) and believed that the use of these forms of computer technology increased the quality of these interactions.Another interesting finding in this study was that students who considered themselves to be more independent tended to respond more favorably to these technologies and the learning benefits associated with them. One theme of this study was the appreciation that stude nts had of the ability for computer technologies to enable independent learning. When serving the needs of students with disabilities, independence is a key factor to consider.Lewis, Coursol, and Khan (2001) examined the use and effect of computer technology on student development and education. They surveyed 124 sighted undergraduate students who attended a regional public institution in the Midwest. Technology choices, which included use of email, the Internet, and multimedia, were based on technology trends in higher education.Results indicated that the majority of students were comfortable with computer technology, using such tools as email and the Internet for both academic and social purposes. Both men and women spent about the same amount of time on email, class assignments on the computer, playing computer games, and shopping on the Internet. However, women spent significantly fewer hours surfing the Internet than men did.Consistent with Shuell and Farber (2001), Lewis et al . (2001) also confirmed that students believe the use of email increases their frequency of communication with faculty, which, in turn, enhances the faculty-student relationship and enables faculty to be more accessible. The issue of accessibility was discussed in this report and how there is a need for higher educational institutions to address this issue, which the authors indicate to be a social problem that has significant economic and social implications. They point to the need to recognize that there are some students, including those with disabilities, who may be at a disadvantage when a course requires the retrieval of materials from the web.The use of computer technology has become an accepted and expected component of every student's postsecondary educational experience. To better understand the use and effectiveness of these technologies, all of the studies used in this paper that focused on computer technology in higher education examined one or more aspects of the integ ration of these technologies into the educational system. The Arant (1996) study focused on the use of the Internet and the World Wide Web in higher education.Employing both qualitative and quantitative methods (phone interviews and a survey), it concluded that, while using online components to traditional courses did not support the apparent belief that online education saved time and money, it did change the way in which courses were taught, with additional online portions being incorporated into courses. For students who are visually impaired or blind, this could result in additional barriers.Computer Technology and Visually Impaired StudentsIn an extensive two-year study in Canada, Fichten, Barile, and Asuncion (1999) investigated the computer, information, learning, and adaptive technology needs and concerns of Canadian postsecondary students with disabilities. Of the findings from this study, computers were found to be critical to the success of students with disabilities, and the vast majority of students, regardless of gender, age, program of study, or type of disability, could and did use computer technologies to help them succeed. An important development that emerged from this study was that students often â€Å"cross-used† technologies. For example, while students with visual impairments are expected to use screen reader software, students with learning disabilities also used this software.The students in this study considered computers as â€Å"electronic curb cuts,† enabling technologies that allow students with disabilities to better prepare for and participate in the information-based economy of tomorrow. Fichten, et al. (1999) urged postsecondary education institutions to design for accessibility and to consider the needs of students with disabilities before making purchases.   What the authors describe as â€Å"troubling† is â€Å"the absence, in many cases, of planning for access† for students with disabilities by postsecondary institutions (Fichten et al., p. 179).  As some technological barriers fall, others are slowly erected as new technologies continue to become part of a student's educational experiences. One suggestion the authors had for government funding bodies to help raise awareness of these issues was to take accessibility issues into consideration when reviewing grant applications and to create incentives for businesses to develop and market technologies that are accessible to all students. The authors wrote: The enormous potential of computers to remove barriers to students with disabilities and concerns over barriers posed by limitations in access were central issues noted by respondents in all categories in all phases of the research (p. 180).Shaw and Giacquinta (2000) used a questionnaire that was very carefully developed, field tested, and revised several times before being used for this study. The sample consisted of 412 sighted graduate students. This study was very well thought out and documented.  Ã‚   The authors suggested that faculty integrate more computer technology into their curricula (e.g., with the use of such tools as Blackboard, WebCT, and course web pages). They did not, however, take into consideration the ramifications of that suggestion as it applies to students who are blind or visually impaired.  Ã‚   Unfortunately, unless having been asked to consider it, most faculty do not think about students who are blind or visually impaired (or who have any other disability) when they begin to integrate technology into their curriculum.Shuell and Farber (2001) piloted a questionnaire and discussed it within two focus groups before using it for the study. Their sample was composed of 728 sighted undergraduate and graduate students.  Ã‚   Both qualitative and quantitative data showed a link between active, participatory learning and the positive perception of students regarding technology as a learning tool; they also confirmed tha t the use of technology made the classes seem more personal to the students.However, the authors caution that the apparent relationship found in their study between a positive perception of computer technology by students and students' actual learning is still unclear. Lewis et al. (2001) used an author-constructed survey, which they described as â€Å"a self-report, forced-choice survey.† One of the problems with this study is that a self-report is subject to response bias, although the results of this study were consistent with the others regarding a positive perception and use of computer technology by students in postsecondary institutions. Both Shuell et al. and Lewis et al. recommended that future research focus on the impact of technology on student learning. Lewis et al. also recommended the need to examine the use of technology among specific groups, such as students who are Hispanic, African American, and commuters.ConclusionGiven the state of existing literature in the area of postsecondary students who are blind or visually impaired, combined with the overwhelming integration of computer technology into the academic environment, there is still a need for a more substantive exploration into how postsecondary institutions are supporting and serving the best interests of these students. Disability scholars Susan R. Jones and Julie Smart point out the relationship between individuals who have a disability and how society views people with disabilities. They assert that disability is a universal issue, and yet there is no single disability experience.With a focus on the prejudices, discrimination and stigma experienced by people with disabilities and their responses to their disabilities, Jones (1996) and Smart (2001) define disability as a socially constructed phenomenon that combines the experiences of those living with a disability together with their environments. Goggin and Newell (2003) further state that â€Å"in the name of inclusionâ₠¬  society builds disability into digital technologies, arguing that disability has been constructed in the technological world of computing and computer networks and that there is a need to critically analyze the ways in which it is constructed within contemporary society.ReferencesArant, Jr., M. D. (1996, August). Going online to teach journalism and mass communication.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   (ERIC Document Reproduction Service No. ED399596)Fichten, C, Barile, M., & Asuncion, J. V. (1999). Learning technologies:Students with   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   disabilities inpostsecondary education [Montreal: Final Report to the Office of   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Learning Technologies]. Adaptech Project,Dawson College. (ERIC Document   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Reproduction Service No. ED433625)Goggin, G. & Newell, C. (2003). Digital disability: The social construction of disability in   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   new media. Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield.Jones, S. R. (1996). Toward inclusive theory: Disability as social construction. NASPA   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Journal, 33(4), 347-354.Lewis, J., Coursol, D., & Khan, L. (2001). College students @ tech.edu: A study of comfort and the use of technology. Journal of College Student Development, 42(6), 625-631.National Telecommunications and Information Administration. (2000). Falling through the   Ã‚   net: Toward digital inclusion. A report of American's access to technology tools. Retrieved March 18, 2009, from   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   http://www.ntia.doc.gOv/ntiahome/fttn00/Falling.htm#6Rowland, C. (2000, October). Accessibility of the internet in postsecondary education:   Ã‚   Meeting the challenge. Paper presented at the Universal Web Accessibility   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Symposium 2000, San Antonio, Texas. Retrieved March 18, 2009, from   Ã‚  Ã‚   http://www.webaim.org/articles/meetchallenge/Shuell, T. J., & Farber, S. L. (2001). Students' perceptions of technology use in college      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   courses. Journal of Educational Computing Research, 24(2), 119-138.Shaw, F. S., & Giacquinta, J. B. (2000). A survey of graduate students as end users of   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   computer technology: New roles for faculty. Information Technology, Learning, and   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Performance Journal, 18(1), 21-40.Smart, Julie (2001). Disability, Society, and the Individual. Gaithersburg, Maryland: Aspen Publishers.Williamson, K., Albrecht, A., Schauder, D., & Bow, A. (2001). Australian perspectives on the   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   use of the internet by people who are visually impaired and professionals who work   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   with them. Journal of Visual Impairment & Blindness, 95(11), 690 – 701.