Prejudice and Racism - No Racism in Heart of Darkness Essay -- HOD Jos

No Racism in Heart of phantasm Chinua Achebe challenges Joseph Conrads novella limning the looting of Africa, Heart of Darkness (1902) in his essay An Image of Africa (1975). Achebes is an indignant yet solidly rooted motive that brings the perspective of a celebrated African writer who chips away at the almost universal acceptance of the work as classic, and proclaims that Conrad had written a bloody racist book (Achebe 319). In her foundation in the Signet 1997 edition, Joyce Carol Oates writes, Conrads African natives argon dusty niggers, cannibals. Conrad ... painfully reveals himself in such passages, and numerous others, as an unquestioning heir of centuries of Caucasian bigotry (Oates 10). The argument seems to lie within a larger question is the main character Charlie Marlow racist, and is Marlow an extension of Conrads opinion? Achebe says yes to both notions. He points to Marlows speech about the Thames and the Congo as revealing his view of Africa as the other worl d, the antithesis of Europe and therefore of civilization, and notes the description of the Africans as limbs and rolling eyes, or, in Conrads words, ugly (315). When they are not incomprehensible savages or brutes, the Africans are farcical The fireman was an improved specimen he could fire up a vertical boiler. ... to look at him was as edifying as beholding a dog in a parody of breeches and a feather hat (109). Achebe discusses Conrads withholding the ability of speech from the majority of the African characters. The Africans are not humanized, as the whites are, having no dimension, no tone or color save an alien black. They are never personified Conrad refers to them as black shapes or mor... ...ifferent standpoint, the layer for the storys sake, much like Sir Arthur Conan Doyles mysteries which said nothing about society overtly at all. Unlike Mr. Doyle, Conrads attempts to make social commentary on the pillaging of Africa straightway thrust him into the shoes of his chara cter, and though he attempted to do good by shedding light on the matter, he made only a half-hearted attempt not racism, merely a lack of strength of conviction. Works Cited Achebe, Chinua. An Image of Africa, from Chant of Saints a gathering of Afro-American Literature, Art & Scholarship, Michael Harper, ed. University of Illinois Press, 1979 Conrad, Joseph Heart of Darkness and The Secret Sharer, 1902. Signet Classic, New York 1997. Oates, Joyce Carol. Introduction to Heart of Darkness and The Secret Sharer copyright The Ontario Review Inc., 1997.

Songs of Innocence and Experience by William Blake :: essays research papers

Songs of Innocence and Experience. (1794) by William BlakeSongs of InnocenceIntroduction yell down the valleys wildPiping songs of pleasant glee,On a cloud I saw a child,And he laughing said to me Pipe a song about a haveSo I piped with merry chear.Piper, pipe that song again -So I piped he wept to hear. Drop thy pipe, thy happy pipe,Sing thy songs of happy chearSo I sung the same again,While he wept with joy to hear. Piper, sit thee down and writeIn a book that all may cross-file -So he vanishd from my sightAnd I pluckd a hollow reed, And I do a rural playpenAnd I staind the water clearAnd I wrote my happy songs,Every child may joy to hear. The Shepherd How sweet is the Shepherds sweet megabucksFrom the morn to the evening he straysHe shall follow his sheep all the dayAnd his tongue shall be filled with praise. For he hears the lambs innocent call,And he hears the ewes tender reply.He is watchful while they are in peace,For they know when their Shepherd is nigh. The Ecchoing Gr eenThe Sun does ariseAnd make happy the skies,The merry bells ringTo welcome the inceptionThe skylark and thrushThe birds of the bushSing louder aroundTo the bells chearful sound,While our sports shall be seenOn the Ecchoing Green. Old John with white hairDoes laugh away care seance under the oakAmong the old folk.They laugh at our play,And soon they all saySuch, such were the joysWhen we all girls & boys In our youth-time were seenOn the Ecchoing Green Till the junior-grade ones wearyNo more can be merry,The sun does descend,And our sports have an endRound the laps of their mothersMany sisters and brothers,Like birds in their nest,Are ready for appeaseAnd sport no more seenOn the darkening Green. The Lamb Little Lamb, who made thee?Dost thou know who made thee?Gave thee life & bid thee feedBy the stream & oer the meadGave thee clothing of delight,Softest clothing, woolly, brightGave thee such a tender voice,Making all the vales rejoiceLittle Lamb, who made thee,Dost thou know wh o made thee? Little Lamb, Ill tell thee,Little Lamb, Ill tell theeHe is called by thy nameFor he calls himself a Lamb.He is meek & he is mild,He became a critical childI a child & thou a lamb,We are called by his nameLittle Lamb god bless thee,Little Lamb god bless thee The Little Black BoyMy mother bore me in the southern wild,

Strindbergs Miss Julie and Becketts Waiting for Godot Essay -- Engli

Strindbergs Miss Julie and Becketts Waiting for Godot The motivations and behavior of key characters in Strindbergs Miss Julie and Becketts Waiting for Godot will be analyzed tally to Eric Bernes method of transactional analysis. Eric Berne deals with the psychology behind our transactions. Transactional analysis determines which ego earth is implemented by the people interacting. There are three possibilities which are either set up, bragging(a), or minor. The key characters in Waiting for Godot are Vladimir and Estragon. Vladimir is the more intellectual of the two and Estragon is more emotional. Their ego states are always shifting from sec to minute. In Miss Julie the key characters are Jean and Miss Julie. Jean shifts his ego state according to his situation either to compliment the ego state of the person he is talking to or to exploit the situation. In the relationship between Miss Julie and Jean their ego states interchange as Miss Julie begins as the parent, then she falls so they are equal on the adult level and eventually she is on the bottom so Jean is on the bakshish as parent ego state. People are made with three basic ego states which are the parent, adult, and child. Some people have a preponderating ego state and others are constantly changing. All parts are necessary for a well rounded personality. The child is linked with intuition, creativity, spontaneity, drive and enjoyment. The adult is the rational, objective and logical locating which allows work to get done. This is the part of us that should be involved in difficult decision making because it weighs the pros and cons of the decision with start bias. The parent is useful for actually raising children and for routine decisions that do not require the deductive rea... ...llowed to flow. He also manipulates Miss Julies emotions by appealing to the romantic child in her. It is Miss Julies fall from her high social status and her consequent fall to a childish ego state that makes Jean adapt his ego. She starts out thinking she is better than Jean because he is her servant. As they get closer she feels he is her equal so she talks to him as an adult from an adult standpoint. By the end when she has fallen from grace she feels so low that she is talking up to Jean and wants him to tell her what to do. All the while Jean is on the opposite side of the wheel that Miss Julie is on. Bibliography 1. Berne, Eric. Games People Play. Grove Press INC, New York Thirtieth printing 1966. 2. Strindberg, August. Plays One , Miss Julie . Secer & Warberg Limited, Great Britain 1964. 3. Beckett, Samuel. Waiting for Godot. Grove Press INC 1956.

Normalization of Genomic DNA Using Duplex-Specific Nuclease Essay

totally genome shotgun sequencing (WGS) is an effective method for the study of reference sequences in genomes. It generates several sequences data, which result in overlapping sequences eventually. The aligning desoxyribonucleic acid sequences achieved overlapping sequence assembly into contigs that could read through the computer program. The WGS method is not applicable when redundant crying sequences embody in large genomes1 (cited in 1). Several methods such as methylation-spanning linker libraries (MSLL), Methylation filtration (MF) and others have used eradicating redundancy in higher plant genomes that depended on the hypermethylation tendency of instant sequences. The use of enzymes or a genomic library set up could modify the genome, but it is applicable to limited plant genomes 2-4 (cited in 1). The authors proposed another method in this article called high-C0t DNA summary that followed DNA renaturation kinetics in which sheared, denatured, and gradually reanneled geno mic DNA is used. Then, hydroxyapatite chromatography is used for separation of repetitive sequences (dsDNA) from low-copy sequences (ssDNA). With the help of detailed knowledge of DNA reassociation kinetics and advance skills in spectrophotometry, high-C0t DNA analysis can be applied to any genome5-7 (cited in 1). Shagina and others (2010) has discovered duplex-specific nuclease (DSN) normalization technology for genomic DNA (1). It is a simple method that based on hybridization kinetics excluding separation of both ssDNA and dsDNA. The authors isolated DSN enzyme from the Kamchatka crab that is thermostable and specific to dsDNA8 (cited in 1). They first denatured dsDNA that contained repetitive sequence and hydrolyzed it by DSN and then ran PCR on ssDNA (low-... ...tion of normalized cDNA libraries enriched with full-length sequences. Bioorganic Khim. 31170-177. 10Zhulidov PA, Bogdanova EA, Shcheglov AS, Vagner LL, Khaspekov GL, Kozhemyako VB, Matz MV, Meleshkevitch E. (2004). Simple cDNA normalization using Kamchatka crab duplex-specific nuclease. Nucleic Acids Res 32e37. 11Rodrigue S, Malmstrom RR, Berlin AM, Birren BW, Henn MR, and Chisholm SW. (2009). Whole genome amplification and de novo assembly of single bacterial cells. PLoS One 4e6864. 12Cheung F, Haas BJ, Goldberg SM, May GD, Xiao Y, and Town CD. (2006). Sequencing Medicago truncatula expressed sequenced tags using 454 Life Sciences technology. BMC Genomics 7272. 13Lander ES, Linton LM, Birren B, Nusbaum C, Zody MC, Baldwin J, Devon K, Dewar K. (2001). Initial sequencing and analysis of the human genome. Nature 409860-921.

The Outsiders :: essays research papers

The OutsidersIn the book the Outsider by S.E. Hinton Ponyboy is the main character, in the book he is mostly referred to as Pony. Pony has cardinal brothers, quinine waterpop and Darry. Pony is fourteen and doesnt have any parents, they died in a car accident. Pony and Soda and Darry all live in the same house, with Darry and Soda supporting them. He has long black greasy hair, he has hair like that because most of the plenty do in the gang their part of the Greasers, and it probably fit with the time period, the fifties. Ponys best friend Johnny who is also part of the gang theGreasers that includes most of the kids that live around their part of town including Soda and Darry. Pony being part of the Greasers hates the Socs, short for socials in the beginning the socs beat Pony for no reason just because he didnt dress like them or have money like them. The Socs are basically rich kids that dress nicely and beat the Greasers up. So far everyone likes Pony except the Socs. Pony i s unlike all the other Greasers because he likes to watch movies and read books and look at the stars at night. The other Greasers dont give him a hard time about it sometimes theyll even go to movies with him and look at the stars with him. Towards the end of chapter two Johnny, Pony, and Dally, (another one of the guys in the Greasers), met Cherry and Marcia. They were two girlfriends of some Socs that they met at the drive in movie theater. At the end of chapter three Johnny, Pony, and the girls were walking home when their boyfriends pulled up and started trouble with Pony and Johnny. Johnny got beat up really bad by the same guys before so he wasnt going to mesh any chances so he pulled out his switch blade and Soda had a broken bottle, but nothing happened except the girls went with the Socs so there wouldnt be any trouble.

I Want to be an Art Teacher :: Teaching Educacion Admissions

I Want to be an Art Teacher begin you ever been to a point in your life where there were to many decisions and not enough time? This is what happened to me in my senior year of high school. end-to-end my teen years, I never discussed college with my family or did they with me. College for some reason was not on my agenda. Then I realized that I demanded to go to save my education. The reason I chose to go to college was that I am an artist, and felt that I postulate to learn more about art techniques. I didnt want to loose my talent, and I realized how much I enjoyed being in class. I had the privilege of being a student of some wonderful teachers at the high school I attended, and they influenced my decision to worthy an art teacher. Teaching is a ch every(prenominal)enging profession, but also very rewarding. I had the opportunity to do an art project with local kids of Monroe County over the summer. That experience helped me a great deal to see a glimpse of my future. During the four-week program the kids worked and learned about all forms of art. The teaching experience gave me pleasure on departing some knowledge and interest to the children that were there. That feeling of accomplishment for myself and seeing it in the faces of the children encourages me to proceed in my goals on becoming an art teacher. My goals as a teacher will be managing my classroom in an eclectic way of combining philosophies. Differing seating arrangements in art classes be limited, therefore are materials need to be shared among the students. In my class, there will be at least four chairs to each table so that material can be dispersed equally. On the bulletin boards I will display work of past and present students to show their accomplishments in my class. The materials needed is wide range, they include paints, color pencils, drawing pencils, markers, differing sizes of paper, scissors, and much more. Projects will be fu n and pertaining to the Arts.

I Want to be an Art Teacher :: Teaching Educacion Admissions

I Want to be an Art Teacher Have you ever been to a point in your life where thither were to many decisions and not enough time? This is what happened to me in my senior year of high school. Throughout my teen years, I never discussed college with my family or did they with me. College for some basis was not on my agenda. Then I realized that I wanted to go to further my education. The reason I chose to go to college was that I am an finesseist, and entangle that I needed to learn more about art techniques. I didnt want to loose my talent, and I realized how much I enjoyed creation in class. I had the privilege of being a student of some wonderful teachers at the high school I attended, and they influenced my decision to becoming an art teacher. Teaching is a challenging profession, but also very rewarding. I had the opportunity to do an art project with local kids of Monroe County over the summer. That experience helped me a great deal to see a gli mpse of my future. During the four-week program the kids worked and learned about all forms of art. The teaching experience gave me pleasure on departing some companionship and interest to the children that were there. That feeling of accomplishment for myself and seeing it in the faces of the children encourages me to proceed in my goals on becoming an art teacher. My goals as a teacher pull up stakes be managing my classroom in an eclectic way of combining philosophies. Differing seating arrangements in art classes are limited, therefore are materials need to be shared among the students. In my class, there will be at least four chairs to each table so that material can be dispersed equally. On the bulletin boards I will display work of past and present students to show their accomplishments in my class. The materials needed is wide range, they include paints, color pencils, drawing pencils, markers, differing sizes of paper, scissors, and much more. Projects will be fun and pertaining to the Arts.

Leadership Styles and Employee Ethical/Unethical Behavior Essay

Transformational leaders encourage pursual to embrace incorrupt values and to act in the interest of the collective rather than self interest. Transformational leaders be thought to raise followers level of moral development and to focus followers attention on higher level needs and values. Transactional leaders believe on rewards and punishments to direct followers behaviour.Transactional leaders atomic number 18 inconsistent with moral leadership beca practice transactional approaches ignore followers needs and aspirations and that transactional leaders focus on the positioning quo rather than on an inspiring vision of the future and may be motivated by their own achievement and power rather than followers needs. multidimensional transformational leadership construct with the following dimensions which consist on individualized consideration, intellectual stimulation, idealized influence, and inspirational motivation.Transformational leadership has been associated with many p ositive outcomes such as workers triumph with work and the leader, organizational commitment, citizenship behaviours, and job performance. Ethical leadership is not a rare phenomenon in todays business organizations. Ethical leaders are both moral persons and moral managers. We think of the moral person as representing the estimable part of the term honorable leadership, and we think of the moral manager as representing the leadership part of that term.Ethical leaders are thought to be moral persons because they are honest and trustworthy, take good accusation of their people, and do the responsibility things in both their personal and professional lives. They happen upon decisions based on values and ethical decision rules, and they are fair and concerned about stakeholders interests and long-run outcomes. As moral managers, ethical leaders are clear about their expectations of followers.They are visible role models of ethical behaviour, communicate with their people about th eir ethical and values-based expectations, and use the reward system to hold followers accountable for ethical conduct. The relationship between leadership and employee ethical conduct sack up be develop by social learning and social exchange. In accordance with a social learning perspective, they behave ethically in their personal and professional lives, and they make decisions based on ethical principles and the long-term interest of multiple stakeholders.Ethical leaders send clear messages to organizational members about expected behaviour and use the reward system to hold everyone accountable to those expectations. This aspect of ethical leadership depends on social learning and can be viewed as more transactional than transformational because followers behave ethically and refrain from wrong conduct largely due to the observed consequences. In social exchange perspective, ethical leaders were described as being trustworthy and as treating their people with care, concern, and fairness.As such, they are likely to create social exchange relationships with their subordinates, who can be expected to reciprocate this care and fair treatment by engaging in citizenship behaviours and by refraining from unethical conduct. Ethical leaders are likely to influence their followers to engage in ethical conduct and to refrain from unethical conduct by way of multiple processes that rely on both transformational and transactional approaches to leadership. There are several strength limitations on the role of leadership.First, we expect that some employees will be less influence by leaders than will others. Second, employees at the lowest levels of cognitive moral development (preconventional) should be less influenced by leaders than by reward system contingencies. Third, ethical leadership may be less influential in homogeneous settings where leaders and their followers share values based on age and cultural similarity. Fourth, Supervisory leaders may be more or les s influential depending on characteristics of their work group such as size and type of work.For example, the larger the span of control, the more difficult it may be to communicate ethical standards and to hold work group members accountable. Fifth, individual leaders may also be less influential to the extent that the organization has a strong ethical climate and culture that incorporates formal and informal systems to support ethical conduct. Lastly, some organizations have a strong culture and climate that supports unethical conduct.For example, Douglas Durand had worked for 20 years at Merck & Company which had a strong ethical culture where ethics and social responsibility were taken seriously. Once he arrived, he quickly discovered a culture where sales representatives bribed doctors, did not account appropriately for free samples, and engaged in Medicare fraud. Durand tried to change the culture entirely failed to do so. Much leadership research does not distinguish between the executive and supervisory levels, although such a distinction is likely to be important for leaders influence on ethics related outcomes.Based on our executive ethical leadership data, we inferred four types of executive leader which are ethical leader, unethical leader, hypocritical leader and ethically neutral leader. In conclusion, leaders should play an important role in influencing employee and to be an ethical leader who can be viewed as an attractive, credible, and legitimate role model who engages in normatively appropriate behaviour and makes the ethics message salient.

Cosmic Creations Myths Across Culture Essay

Many Christians have a very vague estimate about the collection of the Old- Testament. The Old-Testament holds are stories of the most famous myths. The Hebrew Bible (Old Testament) is a book of Hebrew text, assemble by Jewish scholars of the seventh to one-tenth centuries A. D. It also contains both stories of creation. In addition, the book of Genesis is known as the book of creation of hu military mankind. The book is also believes to be indite during the reign of king Solomon and known as possessing two occasions. The first figment of creation states that, In the beginning God scores the heaven and the earth.Genesis 11 24, is the story of creation in six mean solar days and resting on the seventh. The emphasis of this story is the creation of order out of chaos. The second author speaks of the creator of humankind, Yaweh. This story focuses more on human temptation and punishment. The creator, Yahweh made the heavens and the earth. It is said that Yahweh took dust fr om the moist land and shapes it into the shape of man. He breathes the breath of life into man and he comes to life. Yahweh is the creator of each(prenominal) things from the Garden of Eden, to the rivers that flow from the four corners of the world.He is also the creator of the Garden of Eden, the tree of life, and the tree knowledge of good/evil. One day after watching man, he decides that man should have a help-mate. He causes man to fall into a deep sleep and remove one of his ribs, creating woman. The man was Adam (earth or clay) and the woman name was Eve (life). The myth goes on to state how Adam and Eve eats the apple from the tree of knowledge after the serpent deceives them. In addition, eating the apple opens their eyes to the knowledge of good and evil. They are then ban from the Garden of Eden. Yahweh curses the serpent, Adam, and Eve.He places a half-human, half-lion creature with go at the gates to keep them out. The emphasis of this story, generally agrees to be th e older story of the two, is on the development of the problem of evil and what its origins are. Another recognizes the division of the two accounts the first gives details accountable for the whole creation whereas the second one is focuses on the creation of man. The world consists of many myths like the universal flood. The universal flood, from the book Genesis Chapter six- eight-spot, is a world- wide historical myth. The Book of Genesis, believe to be written by Moses, is an interesting myth.The Old-Testament states that the earths receives rain for 40 days and 40 darkness to exterminate all of mankind. Liberal Christians believe the legendary Noahs flood is just a spiritual myth. However, the Conservative Christians, believe the book of Genesis was written by Moses under the inspiration of God. Interpretations of the ark, plays an important role in early Christian doctrine. They believe the worldwide flood happens just as Moses records it. That God gives Noah operating instr uctions for building the ark it is to be of gopher wood with the inside and out with pitch.There were three decks, one door (in the side) and a window 18 inches high in all likelihood running around the top of the vessel under the roof. It was about 450-feet, long by 75-feet in beam, and 45- high. The creation of the ark is to protect those who would reproduce the earth. The supernatural myth is that all humans and animals will be extent, except for those who made it to safety device on the ark two or seven animals of each kind, and Noah, his wife, and family. The universal flood was the largest genocide in history, involving the extermination of all almost every man, woman, youth, child, infant, and newborn.Christians believe God intentionally triggers the physical processes that would lead to the extermination of all of the land animals and all but eight humans in the flood because of humanitys sinful behavior. Typically liberal Christians of the Old-Testament, Noachian, Babylon ian, and hundreds of other believe a myth. There are many connect in some ways of the Old-Testament and the Babylonians historic flood. There is no source of sufficient water to produce a worldwide flood that covered the highest mountains. eventide if it did happen, there is no place to which the flood waters could subside.Genesis was written over an interval of many centuries by at least five author/editors. The universal flood story was derives from an foregoing Babylonian myth by two of these authors. The Genesis flood myth is obviously base on an earlier Babylonian myth there are many correspondences between the two legends. The Babylonian myth appears as an earlier legend that in turn, bases memories of the Black sea catastrophe. The Epic of Creation, of the Babylonian, also known as Enuma Elish, dates to the second millennium B. C. Before anything had a name there was Aspu (sweet water) and Tiamet (salt water).With the creation between the two they begot Lahmu and Lahamu. With the joining of the gods create Ansha, Kishar, and Anu. As the creation proceeds through generations, there is creation of Ea and his brothers. Ea and his brothers cause disruptions and Aspu becomes furious. He plots with gods of the first generation to slew Ea and his brothers. However, Ea hears of the plot and kills Aspu first. Tiamet hearing of her husband last sends out an army of creatures she creates. She creates the Kingu, a leader for the creatures, to avenge Aspu death. Ea, however has a plan of his own.The myth states that Ea and Damkina create Marduk (Assur) to defend divine beings from the attack of Tiamet, the ocean goddess. Marduk propositions the gods and ensures their safety only if he becomes their supreme leader and forever. The gods agree that he would be their leader even after the treats pass. After agreeing to the terms Marduk slew Tiamet by rending her body into two halves. These two halves became the earth and the sky. After the death of Tiamet the gods and Marduk in agreement and the creation of Babylon begin. Marduk creates the planets, stars, coordinate the moon, sun, and the -whether. In addition, Marduk becomes the sun.He decides to relieve the gods of external tire by creating mankind. It is said he creates bones (from the monsters he slew), cover them with flesh and breaths the breath of life forever freeing gods work. In conclusion, many parallels with the Genesis, accounts for that some historians last that Genesis account was simply a rewriting of the Babylonian story. As a reaction, many who wants to maintain the uniqueness of the Bible, argues either that there is no authorized parallels between the two accounts or that the Genesis narratives are written first and the Babylonian myth copies the biblical account.

David Hume, John Locke and John Rawls on Property Essay

All the three philosophers, whose work I am going to scrutinize on, have in truth specific, yet in most cases common views on seat. First of all, let me define what the term property means. Property, as I see it, is an object of reas aned rights that is possessed by an individual or a group of individuals who are directly responsible for this it. In his work Of saveice, David Hume puts capacious emphasis on distribution of property in society. Hume believes that only the conception of property gives society much(prenominal) social virtue as saveice.Justice, according to Hume, is an important social virtue the fillet of sole purpose of which is public utility. To prove his point of view about how property distribution defines the existence of justness in society, David Hume gives several examples. Take an example of utopian society where nature supplies human beings with every convenience in great copiousness. It is a evoke where everyone has any(prenominal)thing he/she des ires in great amounts. Consequently, there is no any conception of property, because there is no need for it ? you stomach have everything without putting labor on it.Of course, in such a state, Hume argues, every virtue im disassociate flourish, except justice. Why top separation of property, if everyone has much than enough where there is no need to label objects mine or yours, because both of us can have these objects in great amount without any physical or mental exercise? Hume also gives real life examples, of water and air because of their great amount, no one is trying to control over them, separate them. According to Hume, in such cases justice is no longer exists in the list of virtues. For property, Hume thinks, plays an requirement role in making justice useful for people.OK ? but you quote yourself from a previous paper John Locke, in his work help Treatise of Government, writes about his views on the conception of property. In the chapter which is titled Of Prope rty Locke makes significant points about private property. He, first of all, tells how the right to private property originated. Being a true protestant, Locke believes that the right for the private property is given to human beings from God or as Locke himself writes that God has given the earth to the children of men given to world in common. Since God gave earth (and creatures and plants living and growing on it) in common, there should be some regulations what exactly and when can be called someones private ownership. For instance, there is a great territory of uncultivated land. When can it (or part of it) be called ones private property? When one comes and says the rural area is his/her, or when one draws borders and claims for ownership? Locke proposes the idea of labor. That only a labor puts a distinction between common and private. And he gives examples of orchard apple trees picked up from the common apple tree.The apples become private right after they are picked up b y their owner, because the owner put labor on making them private property. Then, very just question arises what if others will non give their consent in making common resources private? Locke thinks that in this case mankind would starve despite the abundance of resources God gave them. OK There may be an objection to this that if putting labor is the only thing required turning common into private, why not people take advantage of it and put great efforts to gain more private ownership. The answer that Locke gives is very simple ??as much as one can make use of to any advantage of life before it spoils, so much he may by labor fix a property in whatever is beyond this, is more than his share, and belongs to others. Therefore, the property is whatever one puts his/her labor in and can possess it for his/her convenience, but if some part of this property spoils or perishes, it is great injustice towards other members of society. Lockes view on property very much resembles Humes th ought of justice and property. Just like as Hume believes, Lock says that if there is a great deal of some natural resource, let it be land, the inhabitant of land do not value it.Hume would say that if certain convenience is given in abundance by nature, there is no property, hence no justice. Locke thinks the alike that in such cases, the inhabitant do value the land until there is no room enough for them in that space ? problems with this sentence. Only in this case, people start, all in consent, distinguishing the property. So Locke says that one should not possess more than he can afford to possess, i. e. conveniences that will be enough for his comfort.And he says that if a person gains more, and as a consequence, some part of property perishes, then(prenominal) it is a crime towards others. It is very interesting that Locke says perishes or spoils. If it does not perish or spoil, then it is not a crime, as ? the exceeding of bounds of his just property not lying in the la rgeness of his possession, but the perishing of any thing uselessly in it. And then comes money, being the only mean by which a person can exceed property without spoiling it. Locke thinks that only money make it possible to a person to enlarge his/her possessions without hurting others. And only existence of money make people lust for more, as it was said, it never perishes.Locke makes a commentator imagine of a place, where one has a big fertile land with a lot of conveniences. It is so big that it may perish as it is more than he/she needs. If there is no chance to sell it for money, this person goes back to the common law of nature that is using of conveniences what is enough for one. According to Locke, money, i. e. everlasting matter, is a key factor in peoples act for gaining private property. In explaining social order, John Rawls also gives special emphasis on property as being a part of economic arrangements.In his work Theory of Justice, Rawls says that everyone is equa l in the politico-economic sphere of life. A right for private property is also included to this. Rawls justifies this right on the basis of individual autonomy and integrity, which are also basics of social justice. Rawlss famous ? two principle of justice dictate that everyone must have an access to the basic liberties. Among basic liberties, Rawls include the right to hold personal liberty. He also argues about the economic unlikeness among those who possess private property.Rawls, in general, is against some kinds inequalities in possessing property. However, he writes that as long as such inequalities are mutually advantageous and do not exclude on party from benefits, then economic in equivalence is consistent to what he calls justice as fairness. Summing all the views on property and justice, which, as Hume writes, inseparably bound two each other, I would like to say that the fair distribution of wealth, which is justice, is very important in making the socio-economic life of a state healthy.Once there is no fair access to property, the society is apt to collapse, as it happened with socialist society of USSR, where all conveniences were common, even those on which a person put his/her labor. This, in contrast to capitalism, does not lead to competition or in other words ? to putting labor on objects to make them property. In such cases, there is no any justice, because those who work and input their labor and those who do not work get the welfare in the same quantities. The idea of property and justice, in general, is closely attached to the capitalist thought.Capitalism says that everyone has equal access to propertyopportunity? But not outcome?. It is fair to have property more than others if it doesnt undermine others rights. However, unlike to other philosophers, Rawls in his works debates on capitalism. As an counter argument, he gives the idea of liberal democracy that seeks equality in the distribution of property-owning rights. The equal pro perty distribution (by equal I mean what a person deserves), which is basis of democracy, is substantial in create healthy society where all virtues, especially justice, will flourish.Property is what world progress. Hence, I think, the access to property and rights to equal distribution of property are essential in every society. References 1. Reading materials of the course Approaches and Issues in Political Theory 2. http//www. bu. edu/wcp/Papers/Poli/PoliJung. htm 3. http//www. independent. org/pdf/tir/tir_08_3_taylor. pdf 4. http//links. jstor. org/sici? sici=0748-0814(1992)9%3A2%3C347%3AJLJATS%3E2. 0. CO%3B2-J 5. http//spectrum. troy. edu/sltaylor/theory/hume-selection. html.

Go To Meeting

Given the situation and assuming that the use of the supervisors login enfranchisement to host the GoToMeeting violates the GoToMeeting license, still the employer is not liable or did not shoot down an offense under the computer Fraud and Abuse Act. In this case, the employee was given a log-in credentials which WebEx issued to the supervisor. There was an express instruction to use the credentials from the participation-issued desktop computer.The employee is under obligation to follow or obey the order of his superior, the conjunctions supervisor. Accordingly, the order or instruction of the supervisor was that whatsoeverone in the company can use the login credentials for that web application. This was the express instructions by the supervisor to the employee, to use the credentials from the company-issued desktop computer.In this case, the files were already in the computer of the company whereas in the Therapeutic Research Faculty case there was an express prohibition or limitation to access the site to obtain the information from any protected computer because defendant NBTY chose the first type of subscription that is for annual single user that limits access to one and only one person either accessing information for personal use or for the benefit of an individual patient or as part of an educational exercise.The Computer Fraud and Abuse Act is not applicable in this situation because the Act deals with the intentional felony, that is by knowingly and intentionally committing the offense and causing damage to the conduct that involves an interstate or abroad communication. Nothing is mentioned in this case.Primarily, the concern of the Statute is more on the protection of the employee against the employer who will make, adopt, or enforce any rule, regulation or policy, as surface as the retaliation of an employer to the employee whenever the latter discloses information to the government or law enforcing agency if the employee has reasonable cause to believe that the information discloses a violation of a state or federal law, rule or regulation.Therefore, the Illinois Whistleblower Statute has no application in this case. References Therapeutic Research Faculty v. NBTY, Inc. , Rexall Sundown, Inc. , and LE NATURISTE J. M. B. Inc. Computer Fraud and Abuse Act. Retrieved from Cornell Law School. Web site http/www4. law. cornell. edu/uscode/html/uscode18 Illinois Whistleblower Statute. Retrieved from Illimois General Assembly. Web site www. ilga. gov/legislation/billstatus. asp